Fig. 1

Osteoblasts are unaltered at early non-union establishment. Immunoflourescent stainings against Runx2 and Osteocalcin of non-union and control. Surprisingly, stainings evaluating osteoblastogenesis (Runx2) and osteoblast maturation (osteocalcin) revealed an unaltered osteoblast function at early non-union establishment processes, ranging 1 week after surgery. However, Runx2 and Osteocalcin stainings showed less signaling at 48 h and 5 and 10 weeks, indicating reduced osteoblasts at this time points. Scale bar represents 100 µm; p-value: *< 0.05