Inulin-type fructans supplementation improves glycemic control for the prediabetes and type 2 diabetes populations: results from a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials

Table 4 Reanalysis for the effects of inulin-type fructans on glycemic indicators (FBG, HbA1c, FINS and HOMA-IR) excluding high heterogeneity studies

Subgroups^a	FBG (mmol/l)					HbA1c (%)					FINS (μU/ml)					HOMA-IR
Subgroups^a	n	WMD (95% CI)	P^b	I² (%)	P^c	n	WMD (95% CI)	P^b	I² (%)	P^c	n	WMD (95% CI)	P^b	I² (%)	P^c	n	WMD (95% CI)	P^b	I² (%)	P^c
Healthy-subjects	5	− 0.04 (− 0.18, 0.09)	0.513	0.0	0.447						5	− 0.10 (− 1.29, 1.10)	0.874	59.8	0.041	2	− 0.76 (− 1.53, 0.02)	0.056	0.0	0.830
T2DM and prediabetes	11	− 0.58 (− 0.86, − 0.31)	< 0.001	0.0	0.672	7	− 0.37 (− 0.71, − 0.02)	0.036	18.7	0.287	8	− 1.14 (− 2.05, − 0.23)	0.014	49.7	0.052	6	− 0.47 (− 0.64, − 0.30)	< 0.001	39.3	0.143
Overweight and obesity	7	− 0.08 (− 0.18, 0.02)	0.126	0.0	0.748						5	− 1.54 (− 3.11, 0.03)	0.054	0.0	0.844	3	− 0.38 (− 1.20, 0.43)	0.353	0.0	0.391
Others	7	− 0.08 (− 0.18, 0.02)	0.419	0.0	0.748	1	− 0.20 (− 0.44, 0.04)	0.101	~	~	5	− 1.14 (− 1.93, − 0.34)	0.005	0.0	0.655	4	− 0.31 (− 0.55, − 0.08)	0.010	0.0	0.883
Total	30	− 0.10 (− 0.18, − 0.03)	0.005	4.4	0.397	8	− 0.25 (− 0.45, − 0.06)	0.011	12.5	0.333	23	− 0.89 (− 1.50, − 0.28)	0.004	51.6	0.002	15	− 0.43 (− 0.56, − 0.29)	< 0.001	0.0	0.553

FBG fasting blood glucose, FINS fasting insulin, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus
^aExcluded trials: FBG: Dehghan [30], Dehghan [29], and Guess [37]; HbA1c: Dehghan [31], Dehghan [29], Gargari [34] and Dewulf [32]; FINS: Dehghan [31], Gargari [34] and Ghavami [35]; HOMA-IR: Dehghan [31], Gargari [34] and Ghavami [35]
^bP value for subgroup differences between groups
^cP value for heterogeneity within each subgroup

ISSN: 1479-5876