Fig. 2
From: Microbiome–metabolome reveals the contribution of gut–kidney axis on kidney disease
Work flows for 16S-based and metagenomics approaches. Microbial community samples contain various species of bacteria and other microorganisms, here indicated by different colors and shapes. After total DNA extraction, the community composition was detected by amplifying and sequencd the 16S rRNA gene. Highly similar sequences are grouped into OTUs, which were labeled by comparison with databases of recognized organisms. OTUs provided the presence/absence, abundance, or phylogenetic diversity. The total metagenomic DNA may be sequenced and compared with function-oriented databases to analyze biomolecular and metabolic functions present in the community. Additionally, sequenced community DNA can be compared with reference genomes. These can identify microbial sequence variants and polymorphisms and provides an alternative method of determining the presence and abundance of specific organisms