Table 1 Clinical and biochemical variables in study groups

Age (years)

44.3 ± 9.4

46.5 ± 8.5

48.8 ± 6.6

51.2 ± 8.2

Gender (male/female)

15/11

28/25

24/1

23/3

BMI

25.30 (22.31–28.30)

26.5 (23.5–29.9)

25.0 (22.6–26.7)

25.3 (22.7–26.7)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

124.3 (121.0–130.6)

136.2 (127.5–149.6)

133.0 (123.8–139.0)

133.0 (112.7–145.4)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

81.3 (77.6–84.0)

82.8 (78.2–93.0)

80.5 (74.7–85.7)

82.8 (73.4–89.3)

HbA1C (%)

5.4 (5.2–5.7)

7.9 (7.2–9.1)^a

5.4 (5.2–5.6)

8.6 (7.8–9.4)^{a, b}

FBS (mg/dl)

97.0 (88.0–107.0)

188.0 (150.0–239.2)^a

97.5(83.7–109.7)

191.5(154.8–256.5)^{a, b}

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.9 (0.7–1.0)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

100 (85–117)

92.5 (80.2–109.0)

91.5 (81.2–105.2)

80.5 (66.7–99.0)

Uric acid (mg/dl)

4.2 (3.5–5.7)

4.0 (3.3–4.8)

4.6 (4.1–6.1)

4.3 (3.4–5.5)

CK-MB (mg/dl)

20 (16.0–24.0)

17.0 (13.7–22.0)

22.5 (19.5–26.7)

22.5 (20.0–29.5)

Smoking history (yes/no)

4/22

13/40

10/15

16/10

Alcoholic history (yes/no)

7/19

14/39

8/17

19/6

FRS (%)

0.9 (0.5–3.8)

1.5 (0.3–6.7)

5.2 (2.15–9.3)

5.3 (2.7–10.7)^a

ASCVD (%)

1.9 (0.9–3.9)

4.0 (2.4–16.4)^a

10 (3–15.1)^a

15.4 (9.3–22.2)^a

Diabetic duration (years)

–

2 (1–4)

–

2 (1–5)

Hypertension history

–

25

16

14

Patients were on hypertensive drugs

–

18

13

14

Patients were on anti-diabetes medication

–

34

–

17

Patients were on anti-platelet and statin therapy

–

–

25

26