Cohort #1 (discovery) | Cohort #2 (replication) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | COPD | p | Control | COPD | p | |
N | 95 | 137 | 148 | 61 | ||
Sex | ||||||
Males (N) | 49 (52%) | 86 (63% | 0.105 | 52 (35%) | 41 (67%) | < 0.001 |
Females (N) | 46 (48%) | 51 (37%) | 96 (65%) | 20 (33%) | ||
Age (years) | 64 (58–67) | 65 (59–72) | 0.050 | 49 (45–57) | 63 (59–72) | < 0.001 |
GOLD classification (N)a | ||||||
1 | 0 (0%) | 11 (18%) | ||||
2 | 48 (35%) | 23 (38%) | ||||
3 | 49 (36%) | 18 (30%) | ||||
4 | 40 (29%) | 9 (15%) | ||||
A | 66 (48%) | 13 (21%) | ||||
B | 31 (23%) | 21 (34%) | ||||
C | 7 (5%) | 5 (8%) | ||||
D | 33 (24%) | 22 (36%) | ||||
Exacerbations in the past 12 months (N) | ||||||
None | 38 (28%) | 31 (51%) | ||||
One | 59 (43%) | 21 (34%) | ||||
Two or more | 40 (29%) | 9 (15%) | ||||
Smoking (N) | ||||||
Non-smokers | 48 (51%) | 10 (7%) | 65 (44%) | 5 (8%) | < 0.001 | |
Smokers | 47 (49%) | 37 (27%) | 56 (38%) | 43 (70%) | ||
Ex-smokers | 0 (0%) | 90 (66%) | < 0.001 | 27 (18%) | 13 (22%) | |
hsCRP (mg/l) | 2.02 (0.74–2.76) | 2.49 (1.27–5.47) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (0.60–2.50) | 2.20 (1.10–5.50) | < 0.001 |
Fibrinogen (g/l) | 3.50 (3.10–3.80) | 3.80 (3.40–4.30) | < 0.001 | 3.20 (2.55–3.70) | 3.80 (3.50–4.20) | < 0.001 |
FVC (l) | 3.35 (2.78–4.16) | 2.28 (1.81–2.77) | < 0.001 | 3.77 (3.31–4.66) | 3.33 (2.58–3.78) | < 0.001 |
FEV1 (l) | 2.60 (2.12–3.17) | 1.08 (0.78–1.57) | < 0.001 | 2.96 (2.60–3.62) | 1.49 (1.17–1.92) | < 0.001 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 80.6 (76.9–87.4) | 48.2 (41.1–58.2) | < 0.001 | 79.1 (76.7–82.4) | 50.6 (39.3–61.7) | < 0.001 |