| |
Cohort #1 (discovery)
|
Cohort #2 (replication)
|
|---|
|
Control
|
COPD
|
p
|
Control
|
COPD
|
p
|
|---|
|
N
|
95
|
137
| |
148
|
61
| |
|
Sex
|
|
Males (N)
|
49 (52%)
|
86 (63%
|
0.105
|
52 (35%)
|
41 (67%)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Females (N)
|
46 (48%)
|
51 (37%)
| |
96 (65%)
|
20 (33%)
| |
|
Age (years)
|
64 (58–67)
|
65 (59–72)
|
0.050
|
49 (45–57)
|
63 (59–72)
|
< 0.001
|
|
GOLD classification (N)a
|
|
1
| |
0 (0%)
| | |
11 (18%)
| |
|
2
| |
48 (35%)
| | |
23 (38%)
| |
|
3
| |
49 (36%)
| | |
18 (30%)
| |
|
4
| |
40 (29%)
| | |
9 (15%)
| |
|
A
| |
66 (48%)
| | |
13 (21%)
| |
|
B
| |
31 (23%)
| | |
21 (34%)
| |
|
C
| |
7 (5%)
| | |
5 (8%)
| |
|
D
| |
33 (24%)
| | |
22 (36%)
| |
|
Exacerbations in the past 12 months (N)
|
|
None
| |
38 (28%)
| | |
31 (51%)
| |
|
One
| |
59 (43%)
| | |
21 (34%)
| |
|
Two or more
| |
40 (29%)
| | |
9 (15%)
| |
|
Smoking (N)
|
|
Non-smokers
|
48 (51%)
|
10 (7%)
| |
65 (44%)
|
5 (8%)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Smokers
|
47 (49%)
|
37 (27%)
| |
56 (38%)
|
43 (70%)
| |
|
Ex-smokers
|
0 (0%)
|
90 (66%)
|
< 0.001
|
27 (18%)
|
13 (22%)
| |
|
hsCRP (mg/l)
|
2.02 (0.74–2.76)
|
2.49 (1.27–5.47)
|
< 0.001
|
1.10 (0.60–2.50)
|
2.20 (1.10–5.50)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Fibrinogen (g/l)
|
3.50 (3.10–3.80)
|
3.80 (3.40–4.30)
|
< 0.001
|
3.20 (2.55–3.70)
|
3.80 (3.50–4.20)
|
< 0.001
|
|
FVC (l)
|
3.35 (2.78–4.16)
|
2.28 (1.81–2.77)
|
< 0.001
|
3.77 (3.31–4.66)
|
3.33 (2.58–3.78)
|
< 0.001
|
|
FEV1 (l)
|
2.60 (2.12–3.17)
|
1.08 (0.78–1.57)
|
< 0.001
|
2.96 (2.60–3.62)
|
1.49 (1.17–1.92)
|
< 0.001
|
|
FEV1/FVC (%)
|
80.6 (76.9–87.4)
|
48.2 (41.1–58.2)
|
< 0.001
|
79.1 (76.7–82.4)
|
50.6 (39.3–61.7)
|
< 0.001
|
- Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and N (%) for categorical variables. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied to compare groups for continuous data, while the differences of frequencies for categorical variables were tested using the Fisher’s exact test. The p-value < 0.05 was considered significant
- FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- a ABCD assessment tool is based on the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaire
