Table 3 Perinatal outcomes among groups with different glucose tolerance and insulin secreting status
GDM-resistance | P value | GDM-dysfunction | P value | GDM-mix | P value | All GDM | P value | NGT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age (week) | 39.7 (1.8) | – | 39.4 (1.2) | – | 39.3 (2.0) | – | 39.4 (1.6) | 0.964 | 39.5 (1.6) |
Infant birth weight (g) | 3260.0 (547.5) | – | 3380.00 (575.0) | – | 3380.0 (720.0) | – | 3365.0 (527.5) | 0.546 | 3340.0 (520.0) |
Infant birth weight (z score) | 0.20 (1.1) | – | 0.36 (1.4) | – | 0.41 (1.5) | – | 0.31 (1.3) | 0.186 | 0.14 (1.2) |
BPD (cm) | 93 (5.3) | – | 93 (4.3) | – | 93 (7.0) | – | 93 (6.0) | 0.149 | 94 (5.0) |
FL (cm) | 68 (3.5) | – | 69 (4.3) | – | 69 (4.0) | – | 69 (4.0) | 0.836 | 69 (4.0) |
AFI (mm) | 125 (49.8) | – | 115 (32.0) | – | 116 (41.0) | – | 118 (43.75) | 0.92 | 119 (38.5) |
Apgar score | 10 (0) | – | 10 (0) | – | 10 (0) | – | 10 (0) | 0.364 | 10 (0) |
Infant male gender [n, (%)] | 17 (48.6) | – | 20 (46.5) | – | 40 (50.6) | – | 104 (50.5) | 0.456 | 135 (54.0) |
LGA [n, (%)] | 2 (5.7) | 0.4 | 6 (14.0) | 0.808 | 20 (25.3) | 0.008 | 34 (16.5) | 0.263 | 32 (12.8) |
Cesarean delivery [n, (%)] | 17 (48.6) | – | 19 (44.2) | – | 40 (50.6) | – | 95 (46.1) | 0.029 | 90 (36.0) |
Neonate hypoglycemia [n, (%)] | 4 (11.4) | – | 4 (9.3) | – | 11 (13.9) | – | 21 (10.2) | 0.510 | 21 (8.4) |
Any adverse outcome [n, (%)] | 19 (54.3) | 0.313 | 22 (51.2) | 0.469 | 50 (63.3) | 0.005 | 114 (55.3) | 0.031 | 113 (45.2) |