Table 1 Baseline characteristics of pregnant women in different GDM subgroups
GDM-resistance | P value | GDM-dysfunction | P value | GDM-mix | P value | GDM-normal | P value | All GDM | P value | NGT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants (n) | 35 (17.0% of GDM) | 43 (20.9% of GDM) | 79 (38.3% of GDM) | 49 (23.8% of GDM) | 206 | 250 | |||||
Age (years) | 31.0 (7.5) | > 0.999 | 31.0 (6.0) | 0.021 | 32.0 (6.0) | < 0.001 | 31.0 (4.0) | 0.824 | 32.0 (5.0) | < 0.001 | 29.0 (5.0) |
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 (3.2) | 0.231 | 21.6 (3.2) | 0.405 | 23.2 (4.0) | < 0.001 | 20.7 (3.3) | > 0.999 | 22.0 (3.7) | < 0.001 | 20.8 (3.7) |
Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 (4.0) | 0.071 | 22.2 (2.9) | 0.45 | 24.5 (4.3) | < 0.001 | 21.3 (3.3) | > 0.999 | 23.2 (3.7) | < 0.001 | 21.8 (3.4) |
Gestational age at weight measuring (weeks) | 13.3 (3.5) | – | 13.7 (3.3) | – | 13.9 (2.9) | – | 13.9 (2.4) | – | 13.7 (2.8) | 0.073 | 14.0 (3.6) |
Maternal BMI change (kg/m2) | 0.8 (0.9) | – | 1.1 (1.1) | – | 0.8 (1.3) | – | 0.8 (0.8) | – | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.969 | 0.8 (1.1) |
ALT (U/L) | 13 (7.5) | – | 14.5 (13.0) | – | 13 (10.0) | – | 12 (8.5) | – | 13 (10.8) | 0.753 | 13 (11.0) |
History of hypertension (n) | 0 | – | 0 | – | 4 (5.1) | – | 2 (4.1) | – | 6 (2.9) | 0.007 | 0 |
Smoking before or during pregnancy (n) | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0 |
Nulliparous (n) | 25 (71.4) | – | 27 (62.8) | – | 53 (67.1) | – | 32 (65.3) | – | 137 (66.5) | 0.173 | 181 (72.4) |