From: Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Publication title | Author | Year | Study participants | Sample type | Method | Correlation assumed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enteroviral RNA sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in muscle of patients with post-viral fatigue syndrome | Gow et al. | 1991 | 60 CFS, 41 controls | Muscle biopsies | PCR | Yes |
Persistence of enterovirus RNA in muscle biopsy samples suggests that some cases of chronic fatigue syndrome result from a previous, inflammatory viral myopathy | Bowles | 1993 | 148 CFS, 152 controls | Muscle biopsies | Hybridization | Yes |
Simultaneous measurement of antibodies to Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response? | Manian | 1994 | 20 CFS, 20 controls | Serum | Coxsackievirus B1, B4 antibody titer | Yes |
Comparison of Coxsackie B neutralisation and enteroviral PCR in chronic fatigue patients | Nairn et al. | 1995 | 100 patients, 100 controls | Serum | PCR, antibody in neutralisation assay | Yes for PCR, not for NA |
Detection of enterovirus—specific RNA in serum: the relationship to chronic fatigue | Clements et al. | 1995 | 88 patients, 126 controls | Serum, buffy coat, stool | PCR | Yes |
Phylogenetic analysis of short enteroviral sequences from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | Galbraith | 1995 | 238 CFS, 130 controls | Serum, throat swaps | PCR | Yes |
Detection of enterovirus in human skeletal muscle from patients with chronic inflammatory muscle disease or fibromyalgia and healthy subjects | Douche-Aourik et al. | 2003 | 30 CFS/Fibromyalgia patients, 29 controls | Muscle biopsies | RT-PCR | Yes |
Enterovirus related metabolic myopathy: a postviral fatigue syndrome. | Lane et al. | 2003 | 48 CFS, 29 controls | Muscle biopsies | RT-PCR | Yes |
Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with chronic enterovirus infection of the stomach | Chia et al. | 2008 | 165 CFS,34 controls | Gastric biopsies | VP-1 staining, RT-PCR | Yes |
Acute enterovirus infection followed by myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and viral persistence | Chia et al. | 2009 | 3 CFS | Gastric biopsies, blood | VP-1 staining, RT-PCR | Yes |
Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation | Landay et al. | 1991 | 63 CFS, 40 controls | Serum | Coxsackievirus B4 antibodies | Prevalence yes, titer not |
Studies on enterovirus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | Gow et al. | 1994. | 131 CFS, 101 controls (neuromuscular disorders) | Muscle biopsies | PCR | No |
No findings of enteroviruses in Swedish patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | Lindh et al. | 1996 | 29 CFS | Muscle biopsies | PCR | No |
Investigation by polymerase chain reaction of enteroviral infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | McArdle | 1996 | 34 CFS | Muscle biopsies | PCR | No |
Enteroviruses and the chronic fatigue syndrome | Swanink | 1994 | 76 CFS, 76 controls | Stool, serum | PCR, antibodies | No |
Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome | Buchwald | 1996 | 508 CFS, 30 controls | Serum | Coxsackievirus B antibodies | No |