Table 1 Publications on analysis of human herpesvirus 6 and/or 7 in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
From: Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
| Publication title | Author | Year | Study participants | Sample type | Method | Correlation assumed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HHV-6 reactivation in chronic fatigue syndrome | Josephs et al. | 1991 | 7 patients, 2 controls | PBMCs | IFA, Southern blot | Yes |
| A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders, and active human herpesvirus type 6 infection | Buchwald et al. | 1992 | 259 patients, 47 controls | Serum, PBMCs | PCR, ELISA | Yes |
| Prevalence of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | Yalcin et al. | 1994 | 13 patients, 13 controls | Serum, PBMCs | PCR | Yes |
| Antibody responses to Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | Sairenji et al. | 1995 | 20 patients, 26 controls | Serum | IFA | Yes |
| Prevalence of IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 early antigen (p41/38) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | Patnaik et al. | 1995 | 154 patients, 165 controls | Serum | ELISA | Yes |
| Active HHV-6 infection in chronic fatigue syndrome patients from Italy: new data | Zorzenon et al. | 1996 | 52 patients, 51 controls | Serum, PBMCs | IFA, PCR | Yes |
| Frequent HHV-6 reactivation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients | Ablashi et al. | 2000 | 35 patients, 28 controls | Serum, PBMCs | ELISA, IFA | Yes |
| Dynamics of chronic active herpesvirus-6 infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: data acquisition for computer modeling | Krueger et al. | 2001 | 10 patients | Serum, blood | ELISA, qPCR | Yes |
| Activation of human herpesviruses 6 and 7 in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | Chapenko et al. | 2006 | 17 patients, 12 patients with UCF, 20 controls | Plasma, serum, PBMCs | nPCR, flow cytometry | Yes |
| Association of active human herpesvirus-6, -7 and Parvovirus B19 infection with clinical outcomes in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | Chapenko et al. | 2012 | 108 patients, 90 controls | Plasma, serum | ELISA, nPCR, qPCR, REA | Yes |
| Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and gulf war illness patients exhibit increased humoral responses to the herpesvirus-encoded dUTPase: implications in disease pathophysiology | Halpin et al. | 2017 | 74 patients, 151 controls | Serum | ELISA | Yes |
| Human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 in chronic fatigue syndrome | Di Luca et al. | 1995 | 36 patients, 24 controls | Plasma, PBMCs | PCR | No: HHV-7 Yes: HHV-6A |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation | Landay et al. | 1991 | 63 patients, 40 controls | Serum, plasma | IFA | No |
| A comprehensive immunological analysis in chronic fatigue syndrome | Gupta , Vayuvegula | 1991 | 20 patients, 20 controls | PBMCs, serum | FACS, IFA | No |
| Clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic studies in four clusters of the chronic fatigue syndrome | Levine et al. | 1992 | 31 patients, 105 controls | Serum | IFA, western blot, PCR | No |
| Simultaneous measurement of antibodies to Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response? | Manian | 1994 | 20 patients, 20 controls | Serum | IFA | No |
| Detection of human herpesvirus 6 in plasma of children with primary infection and immunosuppressed patients by polymerase chain reaction | Secchiero et al. | 1995 | 39 patients, 37 controls | Plasma or serum | PCR | No |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): a critical evaluation of testing for active human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection | Wagner et al. | 1996 | 107 patients | Serum, PBMCs | IFA, ELISA, nPCR | No |
| Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome | Buchwald et al. | 1996 | 548 patients (CFS, CF and FM), 30 controls | Serum | ELISA, western blot, IFA | No |
| Human herpesviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome | Wallace | 1999 | 76 patients, 73 controls | Serum | PCR | No |
| Human herpesvirus 6 and 7 in chronic fatigue syndrome: a case–control study | Reeves et al. | 2000 | 26 patients, 50 controls | Serum | PCR | No |
| No evidence of active infection with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) or HHV-8 in chronic fatigue syndrome | Enbom et al. | 2000 | 8 patients, 7 controls | Plasma, PBMCs | PCR | No |
| Markers of viral infection in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome | Koelle et al. | 2002 | 11 patients, 11 controls | Plasma, PBMCs, serum | ELISA, PCR | No |
| Multiple co-infections (mycoplasma, chlamydia, human herpesvirus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms | Nicolson et al. | 2003 | 204 patients, 100 controls | Serum | PCR, Southern blot | No |
| Detection of herpesviruses and parvovirus B19 in gastric and intestinal mucosa of chronic fatigue syndrome patients | Fremont et al. | 2009 | 48 patients, 35 controls | Gastro-intestinal biopsies, serum | qPCR | No |
| Serological and virological investigation of the role of the herpesviruses EBV, CMV and HHV-6 in post-infective fatigue syndrome | Cameron et al. | 2010 | 20 patients, 10 controls | Serum | qPCR, ELISA | No |
| No serological evidence for a role of HHV-6 infection in chronic fatigue syndrome | Burbelo et al. | 2012 | 72 patients, 59 controls | Serum | LIPS assay | No |
| Human endogenous retrovirus-K18 superantigen expression and human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-7 viral loads in chronic fatigue patients | Oakes et al. | 2013 | 39 patients, 9 controls | Saliva, PBMCs | qPCR | No |
| Human herpesvirus 6 and 7 are biomarkers for fatigue, which distinguish between physiological fatigue and pathological fatigue | Aoki et al. | 2016 | 97 patients, 113 controls | Saliva | Real-time PCR | No |