Fig. 3

The TLR4-mediated NF-κB signalling pathway at 48 h after reperfusion from each group. a–c Effects on immunoreactivity to TLR4 in the ventral grey matter, which used DAB staining counterstained with haematoxylin. d–f Effects on immunoreactivity to NF-κB in the ventral grey matter. g Number of TLR4 and NF-κB positive cells in the ventral grey matter. h The concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β in the spinal cord, as assessed by ELISA. All data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8). Scale bar = 200 μm. **P < 0.05 versus Sham; ^##P  < 0.05 versus I/R