Fig. 4

Comparison of diastolic function abnormalities between HF patients and healthy controls. Similar values between HF patients and healthy controls were observed for a Early (E) filling, b late (A) filling and c E/A ratio. Mann–Whitney U test was carried out with no statistical significance among the groups for a–c, n = 7 HC and 38 HF patients. d Early (E) filling values were slightly higher in HF group patients (HO, NR and HR) than healthy controls. Relative to healthy controls, e late (A) filling values and were slightly higher in HO and lower in NR and HR. f E/A ratio were slightly higher in HF group patients (HO, NR and HR) than healthy controls. n = 7 HC, 18 HO, 12 NR and 8 HR. One way ANOVA was carried out with no statistical significance among the groups for d–f. Mitral valve Doppler analysis for diastolic function with graphs for M E/A ratios for g. Representative mitral valve Doppler images for each group