Fig. 2

Overall generation and application of patient-derived xenografts in musculoskeletal malignancies. Tumor samples obtained from surgical or biopsy specimens could be separated for three main usage, including generating PDX models, conducting genomic sequencing, and dissociating for primary cell culture. Screening candidate drugs according to doctors’ clinical experiences or with the results of bioinformatics analysis, and (or) in vitro test would provide a reliable personalized therapy strategy for this patient. Moreover, data and PDX model from individual cases could be integrated into a database and use to establish an avatar model bank for future use