Fig. 3

Changes in FPR1/2/3 expressions of blood immune cells in COPD patients after 1-year treatment and with various clinical phenotypes. In 10 COPD patients after 1-year treatment, a FPR3 expression of M1 monocyte, b NK cell, and c Th cell, as well as d FPR2 expression on Th cell all showed significant elevation. e COPD patients with a high MMRC dyspnea scale had higher FPR1 expression on neutrophil, while f those with a history of frequent moderate exacerbation in the past 1 year had lower FPR2 expression on neutrophil. g FPR1 expression on neutrophil showed significant reduction after 1-year treatment. h Ex-smokers with COPD had higher FPR3 expression of NK T cell than current smokers with COPD after 1 year treatment. COPD patient receiving oral steroid treatment for more than 3 months had i higher FPR2 expression on Th cell and j higher FPR3 expression of M1 monocyte than those without oral steroid use. *p < 0.05 for comparisons between COPD patients with a specific phenotype and healthy non-smokers by ANOVA test. ^#p < 0.05 for comparison between COPD patients with and without s specific phenotype by ANOVA test. ^§p < 0.05 for comparisons between COPD patients with and without a specific management after 1-year follow-up