Fig. 3
a Time-evolution of tumour cell population; b time-evolution of immune cell population; time-evolution of tumour biomarkers secreted by tumour cells alone (a′) or by tumour and healthy cells (a″); time-evolution of immune biomarkers secreted by immune cells alone (b′) or by immune and healthy cells (b″); c′, c″ tumour size at the detection times \(D_{T}^{t}\) and \(D_{T}^{i}\) (corresponding to a′, b′, and a″, b″ respectively). Parameter values for these simulations are given in Tables 1 and 2. The dotted horizontal lines in a′, b′ show detection thresholds for CA-125 and IL-7 calculated by multiplying \(d_{CA125}\) and \(d_{IL7}\) with \(V_{pl}\) = the mean plasma volume in a 70-kg female patient. The dotted horizontal lines in panels a″, b″ show cut-off thresholds for CA-125 and IL-7 calculated by multiplying \(c_{CA125}\) and \(c_{IL7}\) with \(V_{pl}\)