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Table 2 Typical examples of nVGDS for bone tissue repair and regeneration

From: Non-viral gene delivery systems for tissue repair and regeneration

Chemical vector

Scaffold/matrices

Wound type

Animal/cell

DNA/RNA

References

PEI

Collagen scaffold

Calvarial defects

Fisher 344 rats/human BMSCs

pDNA-PDGF-B

[109]

PEI coated with PEG

Poly-(ε-caprolactone) scaffold coated with poly-(d,l-lactide)

None

C2C12 cells

pDNA-BMP-2

[110]

PEI/FuGENE6

Calcium phosphate cement scaffold

Calvarial defects

Mice

pDNA-caALK6 and pDNA-Runx2

[111]

PEI

PEG hydrogels

None

hMSCs

siNoggin or miRNA-20a

[112]

Cationized gelatin microspheres (CGMS)

Oligo (poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel

Cranial defects

Rat

pDNA-BMP-2

[114]

TAPP/gelatin microparticles (GMPs)

PPF scaffold

Cranial defect

Rat

pDNA-BMP-2

[115]

Chitosan-disulfide-conjugated low molecular weight-PEI

None

None

MG-63 osteoblast cells and stem cells

pDNA-BMP-2

[116]

(K)16GRGDSPC

PLGA-[ASP-PEG]n matrices

Segmental femoraldefects

Rabbit/rabbit-derived BMSCs

pDNA-TGF-b1

[118]

FuGENE6â„¢

None

None

Rat/osteoblasts

pDNA-TGF-b1

[119]

Lipofectamine 2000

None

None

BMSC

AntimiR-138 (oligonucleotide)

[120]

Lipid (DOTAP-2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine/DOTAP-cholesterol)

None

None

Osteoblastic cell lines (MG63 and MC3T3-E1)

pDNA-β-gal

[121]

Calcium phosphate (CAP)

PLL film

None

Human osteoblasts

ShRNA(mouseSpp1andBglap-rs1)

[123]

Nanohydroxyapatite

Colagen-nHA scaffold

Cranial defect

Rat/MSCs

pDNA-VEGF and pDNA-BMP2

[126]

PEI-LA

Gelatin/collagen scaffolds

Subcutaneous implantation model

Rat

pDNA-bFGF and pDNA-BMP-2

[127]

Lipofectamine 2000 (coprecipitated within apatite)

PLGA films

None

C3H10T1/2 cell

pDNA-β-gal

[128]