Fig. 1

Basic mechanism of non-viral gene delivery via polyplex and lipoplex. DNA is condensed via interaction with a cationic polymer or encapsulated in a cationic liposome to form a polyplex or lipoplex and pass through the cell membrane via endocytosis. Once endosome escape occurs, the complex is released into the cytosol, the released DNA will be transported to the perinuclear region via microtubule system. Nuclear translocation of the exogenous DNA can be achieved by passage through nuclear pore complex in non-dividing cells. After right transcription and translation, target proteins are produced to exert biological effects