Variables
|
Overall survival (OS)
|
Progression-free survival (PFS)
|
Locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFFS)
|
Distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS)
|
---|
HR (95% CI)a
|
P value
|
HR (95% CI)a
|
P value
|
HR (95% CI)a
|
P value
|
HR (95% CI)a
|
P value
|
---|
Age
|
≤ 60
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
> 60
|
1.538 (0.882–2.681)
|
0.129
|
1.427 (0.197–10.338)
|
0.725
|
0.782 (0.355–1.723)
|
0.541
|
2.035 (1.147–3.611)
|
0.015
|
Sex
|
Male
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Female
|
1.980 (0.271–14.445)
|
0.500
|
1.467 (0.202–10.632)
|
0.705
|
2.782 (0.377–20.549)
|
0.316
|
1.963 (0.269–14.322)
|
0.506
|
Smoking history
|
No
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Yes
|
1.480 (0.746–2.934)
|
0.262
|
1.460 (0.796–2.677)
|
0.221
|
1.385 (0.606–3.166)
|
0.440
|
0.910 (0.482–1.716)
|
0.770
|
Alcohol history
|
No
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Yes
|
0.950 (0.546–1.654)
|
0.857
|
1.029 (0.617–1.715)
|
0.914
|
1.837 (0.837–4.035)
|
0.130
|
0.744 (0.418–1.322)
|
0.313
|
Tumor differentiation
|
Well/moderate
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Poor
|
1.143 (0.659–1.981)
|
0.634
|
1.131 (0.680–1.881)
|
0.635
|
0.940 (0.461–1.913)
|
0.864
|
1.376 (0.771–2.456)
|
0.280
|
Primary tumor site
|
Pyriform sinus
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Posterior wall/postcricoid
|
3.652 (1.885–7.077)
|
0.000
|
3.274 (1.789–5.994)
|
0.000
|
4.508 (2.075–9.793)
|
0.000
|
2.451 (1.168–5.141)
|
0.018
|
pT classificationb
|
T1–T2
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
T3–T4
|
1.643 (0.963–2.802)
|
0.068
|
1.906 (1.171–3.102)
|
0.009
|
3.258 (1.687–6.294)
|
0.000
|
1.452 (0.811–2.598)
|
0.209
|
pN classificationb
|
N0
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
N1–N3
|
1.242 (0.561–2.747)
|
0.593
|
1.416 (0.676–2.966)
|
0.357
|
0.613 (0.279–1.348)
|
0.224
|
4.701 (1.141–19.380)
|
0.032
|
pTNM stagingb
|
I–II
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
III–IV
|
1.699 (0.678–4.262)
|
0.258
|
1.819 (0.785–4.212)
|
0.163
|
1.060 (0.412–2.729)
|
0.904
|
4.217 (1.023–17.378)
|
0.046
|
No. of metastatic LN
|
≤ 3
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
> 3
|
1.479 (0.780–2.807)
|
0.231
|
1.463 (0.822–2.606)
|
0.196
|
1.000 (0.415–2.406)
|
0.999
|
2.168 (1.161–4.046)
|
0.015
|
LND
|
≤ 0.06
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
> 0.06
|
1.886 (1.107–3.214)
|
0.020
|
2.010 (1.236–3.268)
|
0.005
|
1.319 (0.686–2.537)
|
0.406
|
3.020 (1.661–5.493)
|
0.000
|
ECS of LN
|
Negative
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Positive
|
2.222 (1.243–3.971)
|
0.007
|
1.710 (0.974–3.000)
|
0.062
|
1.026 (0.427–2.468)
|
0.954
|
2.102 (1.114–3.967)
|
0.022
|
Surgical margin
|
Negative
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Positive
|
3.695 (1.656–8.244)
|
0.001
|
2.374 (1.078–5.228)
|
0.032
|
3.466 (1.336–8.991)
|
0.011
|
1.853 (0.662–5.191)
|
0.240
|
Perineural invasion
|
Negative
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Positive
|
1.645 (0.775–3.491)
|
0.195
|
1.133 (0.540–2.376)
|
0.741
|
0.520 (0.12402.169)
|
0.369
|
1.231 (0.523–2.900)
|
0.634
|
Lymphovascular invasion
|
Negative
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Positive
|
1.779 (0.951–3.328)
|
0.071
|
1.406 (0.778–2.542)
|
0.259
|
0.483 (0.148–1.581)
|
0.229
|
1.564 (0.795–3.075)
|
0.195
|
Adjuvant treatment
|
No
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
RT alone
|
2.584 (0.620–10.770)
|
0.192
|
3.098 (0.745–12.884)
|
0.120
|
1.944 (0.461–8.193)
|
0.365
|
4.177 (0.567–30.747)
|
0.160
|
CRT
|
2.125 (0.490–9.212)
|
0.314
|
3.301 (0.777–14.015)
|
0.105
|
0.884 (0.188–4.170)
|
0.877
|
4.830 (0.644–36.237)
|
0.126
|
PNI
|
> 52.0
|
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
Ref
| |
≤ 52.0
|
2.804 (1.529–5.140)
|
0.001
|
2.202 (1.313–3.693)
|
0.003
|
2.526 (1.217–5.241)
|
0.013
|
2.177 (1.185–4.000)
|
0.012
|
- Italic values indicate significance of p value (p < 0.05)
- CI, confidence interval; CRT, combined chemoradiotherapy; ECS, extracapsular spread; HR, hazard ratio; LN, lymph node; LND, lymph node density; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; pT classification, pathological tumor classification; pN classification, pathological nodal classification; Ref, reference; RT, radiotherapy; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis
- aCox proportional hazards model. Bolding shows P value < 0.05
- bTumor-node-metastasis staging system proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (7th edition)