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Table 2 Univariate analysis of survival outcomes of 123 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

From: The prognostic value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study

Variables

Overall survival (OS)

Progression-free survival (PFS)

Locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFFS)

Distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS)

HR (95% CI)a

P value

HR (95% CI)a

P value

HR (95% CI)a

P value

HR (95% CI)a

P value

Age

 ≤ 60

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 > 60

1.538 (0.882–2.681)

0.129

1.427 (0.197–10.338)

0.725

0.782 (0.355–1.723)

0.541

2.035 (1.147–3.611)

0.015

Sex

 Male

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Female

1.980 (0.271–14.445)

0.500

1.467 (0.202–10.632)

0.705

2.782 (0.377–20.549)

0.316

1.963 (0.269–14.322)

0.506

Smoking history

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

1.480 (0.746–2.934)

0.262

1.460 (0.796–2.677)

0.221

1.385 (0.606–3.166)

0.440

0.910 (0.482–1.716)

0.770

Alcohol history

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

0.950 (0.546–1.654)

0.857

1.029 (0.617–1.715)

0.914

1.837 (0.837–4.035)

0.130

0.744 (0.418–1.322)

0.313

Tumor differentiation

 Well/moderate

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Poor

1.143 (0.659–1.981)

0.634

1.131 (0.680–1.881)

0.635

0.940 (0.461–1.913)

0.864

1.376 (0.771–2.456)

0.280

Primary tumor site

 Pyriform sinus

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Posterior wall/postcricoid

3.652 (1.885–7.077)

0.000

3.274 (1.789–5.994)

0.000

4.508 (2.075–9.793)

0.000

2.451 (1.168–5.141)

0.018

pT classificationb

 T1–T2

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 T3–T4

1.643 (0.963–2.802)

0.068

1.906 (1.171–3.102)

0.009

3.258 (1.687–6.294)

0.000

1.452 (0.811–2.598)

0.209

pN classificationb

 N0

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 N1–N3

1.242 (0.561–2.747)

0.593

1.416 (0.676–2.966)

0.357

0.613 (0.279–1.348)

0.224

4.701 (1.141–19.380)

0.032

pTNM stagingb

 I–II

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 III–IV

1.699 (0.678–4.262)

0.258

1.819 (0.785–4.212)

0.163

1.060 (0.412–2.729)

0.904

4.217 (1.023–17.378)

0.046

No. of metastatic LN

 ≤ 3

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 > 3

1.479 (0.780–2.807)

0.231

1.463 (0.822–2.606)

0.196

1.000 (0.415–2.406)

0.999

2.168 (1.161–4.046)

0.015

LND

 ≤ 0.06

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 > 0.06

1.886 (1.107–3.214)

0.020

2.010 (1.236–3.268)

0.005

1.319 (0.686–2.537)

0.406

3.020 (1.661–5.493)

0.000

ECS of LN

 Negative

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Positive

2.222 (1.243–3.971)

0.007

1.710 (0.974–3.000)

0.062

1.026 (0.427–2.468)

0.954

2.102 (1.114–3.967)

0.022

Surgical margin

 Negative

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Positive

3.695 (1.656–8.244)

0.001

2.374 (1.078–5.228)

0.032

3.466 (1.336–8.991)

0.011

1.853 (0.662–5.191)

0.240

Perineural invasion

 Negative

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Positive

1.645 (0.775–3.491)

0.195

1.133 (0.540–2.376)

0.741

0.520 (0.12402.169)

0.369

1.231 (0.523–2.900)

0.634

Lymphovascular invasion

 Negative

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Positive

1.779 (0.951–3.328)

0.071

1.406 (0.778–2.542)

0.259

0.483 (0.148–1.581)

0.229

1.564 (0.795–3.075)

0.195

Adjuvant treatment

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 RT alone

2.584 (0.620–10.770)

0.192

3.098 (0.745–12.884)

0.120

1.944 (0.461–8.193)

0.365

4.177 (0.567–30.747)

0.160

 CRT

2.125 (0.490–9.212)

0.314

3.301 (0.777–14.015)

0.105

0.884 (0.188–4.170)

0.877

4.830 (0.644–36.237)

0.126

PNI

 > 52.0

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 ≤ 52.0

2.804 (1.529–5.140)

0.001

2.202 (1.313–3.693)

0.003

2.526 (1.217–5.241)

0.013

2.177 (1.185–4.000)

0.012

  1. Italic values indicate significance of p value (p < 0.05)
  2. CI, confidence interval; CRT, combined chemoradiotherapy; ECS, extracapsular spread; HR, hazard ratio; LN, lymph node; LND, lymph node density; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; pT classification, pathological tumor classification; pN classification, pathological nodal classification; Ref, reference; RT, radiotherapy; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis
  3. aCox proportional hazards model. Bolding shows P value < 0.05
  4. bTumor-node-metastasis staging system proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (7th edition)