Journal of Translational Medicine

Table 3 Bivariate Huber correlation coefficients for water T₂

From: Water T₂ as an early, global and practical biomarker for metabolic syndrome: an observational cross-sectional study

Biomarker^a,b,c	n	Plasma water T₂	n	Serum water T₂
Insulin and glucose markers
McAuley Index^d	70	+ 0.64****	69	+ 0.70****
Insulin C-peptide	70	− 0.65****	69	− 0.45****
HOMA-IR^d (insulin c-peptide)	70	− 0.64****	69	− 0.46****
Insulin	70	− 0.57****	69	− 0.60****
HOMA-IR^d (insulin)	70	− 0.56****	69	− 0.58****
QUICKI^d	70	+ 0.60****	69	+ 0.57****
FIRI^d	70	− 0.58****	69	− 0.59****
Glucose/insulin ratio^d	70	+ 0.55****	69	+0.58****
Glucose	70	− 0.28*	69	− 0.28*
HbA1c	69	− 0.54****	69	− 0.43***
Proinsulin	42	− 0.53***	43	− 0.60***
Protein, viscosity and liver function markers
Total protein, serum	69	− 0.56****	68	− 0.79****
Serum globulins	69	− 0.53****	68	− 0.65****
Serum viscosity	65	− 0.30*	67	− 0.45***
Total protein, plasma	41	− 0.55***	42	− 0.72****
Plasma globulins	41	− 0.66****	42	− 0.69****
Plasma viscosity	51	− 0.47***	52	− 0.56****
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)	52	− 0.37**	50	− 0.35**
Lipid and lipoprotein markers
Apolipoprotein B (apoB)	70	− 0.55****	69	− 0.52****
Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	70	− 0.52****	69	− 0.52****
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)	70	− 0.50****	69	− 0.53****
LDL/HDL ratio	70	− 0.54****	69	− 0.58****
Total cholesterol	70	− 0.50****	69	− 0.51****
LDL particle number (LDL-P)	70	− 0.52****	68	− 0.54****
Triglycerides (TG)	70	− 0.54****	69	− 0.54****
TG/HDL ratio	70	− 0.46****	69	− 0.49****
Phospholipids	65	− 0.44***	66	− 0.41**
Very low-density lipoprotein-chol. (VLDL-C)	63	− 0.44***	62	− 0.49****
Intermediate-density lipoprotein-chol. (IDL-C)	63	− 0.39**	62	− 0.50****
Remnant-cholesterol (Rem-C)^e	63	− 0.44***	62	− 0.53****
Apo B/Apo A–I ratio	63	− 0.53****	62	− 0.56****
Inflammation and blood cell markers
White blood cell count (WBC)	69	− 0.58****	68	− 0.47****
Neutrophil count	69	− 0.41***	68	− 0.37**
Lymphocyte count	69	− 0.40***	68	− 0.36**
C-reactive protein (CRP)	69	− 0.51****	68	− 0.31**
Serum % globulins	69	− 0.46****	68	− 0.50****
Plasma % globulins	41	− 0.56***	42	− 0.45**
Fibrinogen	43	− 0.65****	44	− 0.40**
Complement C3c	40	− 0.52***	41	− 0.44**
Complement C4c	40	− 0.59****	41	− 0.43**
Electrolyte markers
Lactate	41	− 0.53***	42	− 0.49***
Anion Gap, uncorrected	69	− 0.55****	68	− 0.43***
Anion Gap, corrected for [albumin]	68	− 0.44***	67	− 0.39***
Cl⁻ + CO₂ (HCO₃ ⁻)	69	+ 0.36**	68	+ 0.30*

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001
^aAll blood samples were collected in the early morning following a 12-h overnight fast
^bThis table includes only those biomarkers that were unambiguously correlated with both plasma and serum water T₂. Results for markers that correlated with plasma or serum water T₂, but not both, are discussed in the text and provided in Additional file 1: Tables S1 and S2. Ambiguous correlations are discussed in “Methods” section
^cMany of the variables were natural-log transformed in order to meet the normality condition, an assumption inherent to the Pearson correlation. The correlation coefficients reported here and in Additional file 1: Tables S1 and S2 are for the ln-transformed variables, except the McAuley Index and QUICKI, as these indices are inherently ln-transformed. Other variables that were normally distributed and analyzed without ln transformation were plasma and serum T₂, total serum and plasma protein, serum and plasma globulins and % globulins, serum and plasma viscosity, HbA1c, LDL-C, LDL-P, total C, apolipoprotein B, lymphocyte and platelet counts, lactate, and complement C3c
^dAs defined elsewhere: McAuley Index [26], HOMA-IR [66, 67], FIRI [68], QUICKI [69], and G/I ratio [70]
^eRemnant cholesterol is defined as intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) plus VLDL₃, as determined using the vertical autoprofile method [71]

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