Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, n = 72

From: Water T2 as an early, global and practical biomarker for metabolic syndrome: an observational cross-sectional study

Parameter

Mean ± S.D.a

Rangea

Reference valuesb

Age

39.5 ± 15.3

23–80

n/a

Gender

n/a

34 female, 38 male

n/a

Body-mass index (kg/m2)

26.1 ± 4.9

18.2–45.1

< 25 normal weight, 25–30 overweight, > 30 obese

Plasma T2 (ms)

764.4 ± 58.7

631–887

≥ 745.0c

Serum T2 (ms)

818.4 ± 56.7

692–927

≥ 811.8c

Glucose (mg/dL)

90.9 ± 7.7

71–115

< 100 non-diabetic

100–124 (pre-diabetic)

HbA1c (%)

5.5 ± 0.3

4.7–6.2

< 5.7 (non-diabetic)

5.7–6.4 (pre-diabetic)

Insulin C-peptide (ng/mL)

2.0 ± 0.9

0.7–5.1

0.8–3.9 (> 2.85, IRd)

Insulin (μU/mL

9.1 ± 6.0

2.2–40.1

2.0–19.6 (> 12.2, IRd)

Total serum protein (g/dL)

7.1 ± 0.4

6.2–8.0

6.1–8.1

Serum albumin (g/dL)

4.5 ± 0.3

3.6–5.1

3.6–5.1

Serum globulins (g/dL)

2.7 ± 0.4

1.8–3.3

1.9–3.7

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

117.6 ± 60.0

42–321

< 150

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

187.0 ± 41.0

97–291

< 200

HDL-C (mg/dL)

53.3 ± 12.7

31–85

≥ 40 (male); ≥ 50 (female)

LDL-C (mg/dL)

111.1 ± 34.7

42–191

< 130

WBC count (×103/μL)

6.5 ± 1.6

3.9–11.2

3.8–10.8

Neutrophil count (×103/μL)

3.6 ± 1.2

1.8–7.3

1.5–7.8

hs-CRP (mg/L)

2.3 ± 2.3

0.1–9.6

< 3.0 (low-to-average CV risk)

3.0–10.0 (high CV risk)

> 10.0 (infection/illness)

Sodium (mmol/L)

139.0 ± 2.7

131–146

135–146

Potassium (mmol/L)

4.2 ± 0.3

3.5–4.8

3.5–5.3

Total CO2, serum (mmol/L)

24.0 ± 2.3

16–29

19–30

  1. aAll blood samples were collected in the early morning after a 12-h overnight fast
  2. bReference values from Quest Diagnostics and Atherotech, except where noted
  3. cCutoff for normoglycemic population established in this study
  4. dInsulin cutoff from McAuley et al. [26]; insulin C-peptide cutoff established by linear regression with inulin