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Table 2 Anthropometrics, glycemic and lipid profile characteristics before and after supplementation with placebo or probiotics using intention-to-treat analysis

From: Effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement for 12 weeks in circulating endotoxin levels and cardiometabolic profiles of medication naïve T2DM patients: a randomized clinical trial

Parameters

Placebo (N = 39)

Probiotics (N = 39)

Intervention effect

Baseline

3-Months

Mean change

Pa

Baseline

3-Months

Mean change

Pa

Effect (95% CI)

Pb

Weight (kg)

79.5 ± 15.7

79.9 ± 15.9

0.42

0.71

75.6 ± 11.0

75.3 ± 11.3

− 0.28

0.77

− 8.00 (− 17.1 to 1.1)

0.08

BMI (kg/m2)

30.1 ± 5.0

30.2 ± 5.0

0.15

0.76

29.4 ± 5.2

29.3 ± 5.3

− 0.11

0.86

− 1.27 (− 4.92 to 2.39)

0.49

WHR

1.0 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.1

0.00

0.32

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

− 0.01

0.75

− 0.07 (− 0.12 to − 0.01)

0.02

SBP (mmHg)

129.0 ± 10.0

130.0 ± 11.0

0.43

0.80

135.0 ± 15.0

129.0 ± 11.0

− 5.84

< 0.01

2.44 (− 5.18 to 10.06)

0.52

DBP (mmHg)

79.0 ± 9.0

80.0 ± 8.0

1.22

0.44

84.0 ± 12.0

80.0 ± 11.0

− 3.78

0.03

0.38 (− 5.82 to 6.58)

0.90

MAP

95.5 ± 7.7

96.5 ± 7.8

0.96

0.60

100.7 ± 11.1

96.2 ± 9.7

− 4.47

< 0.01

1.07 (− 4.58 to 6.72)

0.71

Glycemic profile

 Glu (mmol/l) #

7.0 (5.7 to 11.2)

8.0 (5.9 to 11.4)

1.00

0.02

11.7 (8.4 to 16.4)

8.5 (6.2 to 11.0)

− 3.20

< 0.01

0.05 (− 0.06 to 0.16)

0.36

 Ins (uU/mL) #

13.1 (7.7 to 18.7)

10.7 (7.7 to 14.5)

− 2.40

0.72

9.9 (7.7 to 16.4)

6.9 (4.5 to 9.8)

− 3.00

< 0.01

− 0.08 (− 0.24 to 0.07)

0.29

 C-Pep (ng/ml) #

0.2 (0.1 to 0.5)

0.2 (0.1 to 0.9)

0.00

0.12

0.5 (0.0 to 1.8)

0.1 (0.0 to 0.3)

− 0.40

0.01

0.08 (− 0.38 to 0.53)

0.74

 HOMA-IR #

4.1 (2.3 to 7.3)

3.6 (3.1 to 5.5)

− 0.50

0.37

5.3 (3.5 to 10.2)

2.1 (1.5 to 5.2)

− 3.20

< 0.01

− 0.17 (− 0.34 to − 0.01)

0.04

Lipid profile

 TG (mmol/l)

2.2 ± 1.4

2.0 ± 0.8

− 0.20

0.05

2.5 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 0.7

− 0.78

0.04

− 0.34 (− 0.96 to 0.28)

0.27

 TC (mmol/l)

5.2 ± 1.0

4.7 ± 0.9

− 0.53

< 0.01

5.8 ± 1.3

5.1 ± 0.9

− 0.63

< 0.01

0.11 (− 0.52 to 0.75)

0.72

 HDL (mmol/l)

1.1 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.3

− 0.07

0.46

1.0 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.3

0.14

0.10

− 0.04 (− 0.22 to 0.14)

0.65

 LDL (mmol/l)

3.1 ± 0.9

2.8 ± 0.9

− 0.37

0.12

3.6 ± 1.3

3.2 ± 0.9

− 0.41

0.02

0.18 (− 0.43 to 0.79)

0.55

 TC/HDL

5.0 ± 1.3

4.9 ± 1.4

− 0.11

0.67

6.4 ± 2.2

5.3 ± 4.3

− 1.07

0.35

0.83 (− 0.72 to 2.38)

0.29

 Endo (IU/ml) #

2.1 (1.2 to 4.4)

1.9 (1.0 to 2.9)

− 0.20

0.31

4.6 (2.4 to 7.9)

2.2 (1.2 to 3.6)

− 2.40

< 0.01

0.15 (− 0.05 to 0.36)

0.15

  1. Data presented as Mean ± SD for normal variables while non-normal variables are presented as Median (inter-quartile range)
  2. All non-normal variables were transformed prior to parametric testing
  3. BMI body mass index, WHR waist-hip ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, Glu glucose, Ins insulin, C-Pep C-Peptide, HOMA-IR homeostasis model for insulin resistance, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, Endo endotoxin
  4. #Median change presented instead of mean
  5. pa and pb denotes p value for within group differences and between group differences respectively obtained from mixed model ANCOVA after adjusting for baseline covariates including WHR, MAP, Glu, (mmol/l), TC/HDL and Endo (IU/ml)