Table 1 Baseline parameters according to placebo and probiotics
Parameters | Placebo (N = 39) | Probiotics (N = 39) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Males (%) | 21 (56.8) | 19 (51.4) | |
Age (years) | 46.6 ± 5.9 | 48.0 ± 8.3 | 0.396 |
Weight (kg) | 79.5 ± 15.7 | 75.6 ± 11.0 | 0.221 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 5.0 | 29.4 ± 5.2 | 0.588 |
Waist-hip ratio | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.020 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 129.5 ± 10.3 | 134.8 ± 14.6 | 0.072 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.6 ± 8.6 | 83.6 ± 11.8 | 0.040 |
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) | 95.5 ± 7.7 | 100.7 ± 11.1 | 0.024 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 7.0 (5.7 to 11.2) | 11.7 (8.4 to 16.4) | < 0.001 |
Insulin (uU/mL) | 13.1 (7.7 to 18.7) | 9.9 (7.7 to 16.4) | 0.484 |
C-peptide (ng/ml) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.0 to 1.8) | 0.221 |
HOMA-IR | 4.1 (2.3 to 7.3) | 5.3 (3.5 to 10.2) | 0.096 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 0.358 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 0.044 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.078 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 0.051 |
Total-cholesterol/HDL ratio | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 2.2 | 0.001 |
Endotoxin (IU/ml) | 2.1 (1.2 to 4.4) | 4.6 (2.4 to 9.9) | 0.002 |