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Table 8 Distribution of autoantibodies and cytokines in integrative clusters

From: Cytokine and autoantibody clusters interaction in systemic lupus erythematosus

Biomarker

Neutral (n = 41)

Chemotactic/APLA (n = 13)

IFNα/dsDNA (n = 13)

p-value

Autoantibodies

 RF

15 (37)

2 (15)

7 (54)

0.121

 CCP3

1 (2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.724

 TPOAb

4 (10)

2 (15)

1 (8)

0.792

 TgAb

3 (7)

0 (0)

2 (15)

0.327

 dsDNA

15 (37)

8 (61)

9 (69)

0.065

 ACA-IgM

3 (7)

4 (31)

4 (31)

0.041

 ACA-IgG

0 (0)

10 (77)

2 (15)

< 0.0001*

 β2GP1IgM

0 (0)

6 (46)

1 (8)

< 0.0001*

 β2GP1IgG

0 (0)

4 (31)

2 (15)

0.0021

 ANAs

35 (85)

11 (85)

11 (85)

0.996

 RNP

10 (24)

8 (61)

7 (54)

0.021

 Ro

14 (34)

4 (31)

8 (61)

0.168

 La

4 (10)

0 (0)

1 (8)

0.506

 Sm

5 (12)

3 (23)

4 (31)

0.271

Cytokines

 IL-2

0 (0)

1 (8)

1 (8)

0.196

 IL-4

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (31)

0.0001*

 IL-5

0 (0)

1 (8)

5 (38)

0.0001*

 IL-6

7 (17)

2 (15)

6 (46)

0.072

 IL-9

1 (2)

0 (0)

1 (8)

0.487

 IL-10

1 (2)

3 (23)

10 (77)

< 0.0001*

 IL-17A

3 (7)

0 (0)

8 (61)

< 0.0001*

 TNFα

0 (0)

0 (0)

9 (69)

< 0.0001*

 G-CSF

16 (39)

4 (31)

11 (85)

0.007

 IFNα

3 (7)

1 (8)

13 (100)

< 0.0001*

 IFNγ

2 (5)

0 (0)

2 (15)

0.227

 IL-13

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (8)

0.121

 IL-1β

1 (2)

0 (0)

5 (38)

0.0001*

 IL-8

6 (15)

7 (54)

3 (23)

0.015

 IL-12/23p40

17 (41)

5 (38)

13 (100)

0.0006*

1997 ACR criteria

 Positive ANAs

34 (83)

11 (85)

13 (100)

0.282

 Immunologic criteria

32 (78)

10 (77)

12 (92)

0.491

 Hematologic criteria

28 (68)

13 (100)

7 (54)

0.024

 Non-erosive arthritis

28 (68)

7 (54)

12 (92)

0.092

 Photosensitivity

26 (63)

8 (61)

7 (54)

0.826

 Malar rash

20 (49)

7 (54)

6 (46)

0.921

 Renal criteriaa

14 (34)

6 (46)

5 (38)

0.734

 Oral ulcers

14 (34)

5 (38)

4 (31)

0.917

 Serositis

10 (24)

5 (38)

4 (31)

0.604

 Neurologic criteria

4 (10)

4 (31)

4 (31)

0.091

 Discoid rash

3 (7)

3 (2)

1 (8)

0.252

  1. Data correspond to number of patients (%)
  2. RF rheumatoid factor, CCP3 anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide third-generation, TPOAb anti-thyroperoxidase antibody, TgAb anti-thyroglobulin antibody, dsDNA anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, ACA anticardiolipin antibody, β2GP1 β2 glycoprotein-1, ANAs antinuclear antibodies, IL interleukin, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IFN interferon, TNF tumor necrosis factor, ACR American College of Rheumatology
  3. * Statistically significant after Bonferroni correction
  4. aRenal criteria was defined as active urinary sediment, or proteinuria > 500 mg/24 h or positive renal biopsy [23, 24]