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Table 2 Simon’s two-stage optimum design

From: A phase I/II trial of fixed-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy with sequential or concurrent pembrolizumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: evaluation of safety and clinical and immunologic response

Optimal two stage design

Optimum design

First stage sample size (n1)

10

r1

2

Maximum sample size (n)

23

r2

6