Table 1 List of recent studies investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of immunomodulatory agents
From: The era of bioengineering: how will this affect the next generation of cancer immunotherapy?
Carrier | Agent | Model system | Outcomea | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
mPEG-PLGA | Oxaliplatin | Pan02 pancreatic cancer mouse model | Increased TIL levels, increased IFN-γ production | [10] |
Chitosan | IL-12 | MB49 bladder tumor mouse model | Induced antitumoral activity and TH1 cytokine expression | [14] |
Chitosan | IL-12 | MB49 and MBT-2 bladder tumor mouse models | 100% protection to tumor rechallenge in previously cured mice | [15] |
Liposome | Cisplatin CpG | B16–F10 melanoma mouse model | Tumor clearance, long-term protection, Treg downregulation | [31] |
Nanodiamond | CpG | B16–F0 melanoma and 4T1 breast cancer mouse models | IL-12 production and tumor shrinkage | [25] |
PEI | IL-2 plasmid | B16–F1 melanoma mouse model | Reduced tumor growth, prolonged survival, increased TIL tumor infiltration | [18] |
Chitosan | IL-2 plasmid | BALB/c mouse inoculated with WEHI-164 in vitro transfected cells | Tumor mass volume decrease | [162] |
Hydroxyethyl starch | IL-2 | C57BL/6 mouse model; Rag2−/−γc−/− mice reconstituted with human CD4+ T cells | In vivo T cell specific uptake | [20] |
Nanolipogel | IL-2 and TGF-β inhibitor | B16-F10 melanoma mouse model | Increased survival Increased CD8+ T cells tumor infiltration | [19] |
Polylactic acid | IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α alone or in combinations | 4T1 breast cancer mouse models | IL-12 and TNF-α combination was the best condition for controlling tumor growth | [163] |
PLGA-PEI | CpG, IL-10 siRNA | A20 B-cell lymphoma mouse model | Improved TH1/TH2 cytokine expression ratio, Increased survival | [22] |
HA PLGA PLGA | Paclitaxel CpG IL-10 siRNA | B16–F10 melanoma mouse model | Tumor growth inhibition High TH1/TH2 cytokine expression ratio | [32] |
PPS | CpG | E.G7-OVA and B16F10 mouse model | Enhanced TH1 cytokine secretion and protection to tumor rechallenge | [26] |
silica | GM-CSF | In vitro | Increased macrophage proliferation | [24] |
Zinc oxide | Poly I:C | B16–F10 mouse melanoma model | suppressed tumor cell growth | [28] |
PS | Poly I:C | C57BL/6 mouse model | High IL6 production; tnfa, il15, il18, mip3a, and ip10 mRNA upregulation | [164] |
PLGA | Paclitaxel LPS | B16–F10 mouse melanoma model | Increased TIL levels and tumor regression | [33] |
Pyridyl disulfide | Paclitaxel or CpG | B16–F10 mouse melanoma model | Slowed tumor growth, increased CD8+/CD4+ T cell ratio | [27] |
Albumin | Paclitaxel | Phase I studies | Combination with IL-2, IFN-α, cisplatin and temozolomide was too toxic; combination with atezolizumab was well tolerated | |
Liposome | DOX | Phase I study | Combination with IL-18 is safe and biologically active | [55] |
PEG-liposome | DOX | Phase I study | Functional IL-6R blocking with tocilizumab is feasible and safe in combination with PEG-liposomal DOX | [56] |