Table 1 Comparison of body composition parameters of normal weight lean, normal weight obese and pre-obese/obese groups between baseline and after 3 weeks POS treatment

Age (years)

30.18 ± 2.04 (28.00–33.00)

40.00 ± 12.56 (27.00–56.00)

33.57 ± 10.57 (24.00–50.00)

Height (cm)

164.64 ± 4.03 (160.00–170.00)

162.90 ± 6.60 (154.00–168.00)

158.33 ± 1.86 (155.60–160.00)

Weight (kg)

55.55 ± 4.65^¤,° (50.50–62.50)

54.84 ± 5.63^Ϫ,ϣ (49.20–63.00)

63.50 ± 3.97^¥ (59.00–68.30)

63.10 ± 3.27 (59.00–66.60)

69.47 ± 6.07 (63.80–78.00)

63.35 ± 0.16^b (63.20–63.50)

BMI (kg/m²)

20.47 ± 1.04^¤,° (19.48–22.41)

20.49 ± 1.40^Ϫ,ϣ (18.98–22.59)

23.94 ± 0.93^¥ (22.74–24.88)

23.80 ± 0.84^a,Ϭ (22.92–24.88)

27.68 ± 1.92 (25.56–30.47)

25.78 ± 0.48^b (25.32–26.23)

Waist (cm)

67.41 ± 4.22 (64.50–75.00)°

67.98 ± 4.60^Ϫ,ϣ (63.80–75.00)

74.25 ± 5.08 (69.50–79.00)

75.33 ± 4.70 (70.00–81.00)

80.17 ± 8.02 (73.00–91.00)

73.75 ± 2.35^b (71.50–76.00)

Hip (cm)

94.09 ± 4.57 ^¤,° (87.00–97.00)

93.23 ± 4.35 ^Ϫ,ϣ (87.50–97.00)

103.25 ± 5.61^¥ (98.00–108.50)

101.00 ± 3.72^Ϭ (98.00–106.00)

107.73 ± 0.54 (107.00–108.20)

106.75 ± 0.78^b (106.00–107.50)

Resistance (Ohm)

595.89 ± 85.36 (501.00–735.00)

598.33 ± 69.50 ^ϣ (497.00–690.00)

576.67 ± 55.46 (526.00–650.00)

567.00 ± 53.60^a (513.00–636.00)

565.13 ± 35.34 (526.00–611.00)

523.00 ± 24.02^b (500.00–546.00)

Reactance (Ohm)

66.00 ± 12.24 (56.00–87.00)

65.89 ± 8.46 (56.00–73.00)

61.33 ± 7.74^¥ (53.00–71.00)

59.67 ± 8.75^a,Ϭ (51.00–71.00)

73.43 ± 9.54 (66.00–89.00)

69.50 ± 6.79 (63.00–76.00)

PA (°)

6.30 ± 0.35° (5.90–6.80)

6.29 ± 0.46^ϣ (5.70–6.80)

6.13 ± 0.89^¥ (5.30–7.30)

6.03 ± 0.97^a,Ϭ (5.10–7.30)

7.40 ± 0.59 (6.70–8.30)

7.55 ± 0.37^b (7.20–7.90)

TBW (L)

31.80 ± 2.83 (29.10–36.60)

31.66 ± 3.00 (29.70–36.90)

33.13 ± 2.50^¥ (31.10–36.50)

33.40 ± 2.56^a (31.10–36.80)

32.93 ± 0.36 (32.60–33.50)

33.35 ± 1.10 (32.30–34.40)

TBW (%)

57.92 ± 4.19^¤,° (50.80–61.30)

57.82 ± 3.19 (52.40–60.40)

52.10 ± 1.37^¥ (50.30–53.40)

52.90 ± 2.01^a (50.60–55.30)

47.79 ± 4.30 (42.00–52.60)

52.65 ± 1.83^b (50.90–54.40)

ECW (L)

14.11 ± 1.33 (12.40–16.10)

14.07 ± 1.39 (12.60–16.10)

15.10 ± 2.01^¥ (12.50–17.10)

15.37 ± 2.18^a,Ϭ (12.50–17.40)

13.22 ± 0.74 (12.10–14.00)

13.20 ± 0.84^b (12.40–14.00)

ECW (%)

44.42 ± 1.38° (42.50–46.00)

43.93 ± 2.64^ϣ (40.80–47.20)

45.53 ± 3.93^¥ (40.40–49.30)

45.87 ± 4.29^a,Ϭ (40.30–50.10)

40.17 ± 2.02 (37.10–42.60)

39.50 ± 1.36^b (38.20–40.80)

ICW (L)

17.66 ± 1.63° (16.70–20.50)

17.59 ± 1.86^ϣ (16.20–20.80)

18.00 ± 1.45^¥ (16.10–19.40)

18.03 ± 1.47^{a, Ϭ} (16.10–19.40)

19.71 ± 0.63 (18.90–20.60)

20.15 ± 0.26^b (19.90–20.40)

ICW (%)

55.58 ± 1.38° (54.00–57.50)

55.62 ± 1.91^ϣ (52.92–57.58)

54.50 ± 3.91^¥ (50.70–59.60)

54.12 ± 4.37^a,Ϭ (49.85–59.81)

59.83 ± 2.02 (57.40–62.90)

60.61 ± 1.37^b (59.30–61.92)

TBFat (%)

26.55 ± 2.83^¤,° (24.10–29.00)

–

35.25 ± 1.44^¥ (33.90–36.60)

–

43.80 ± 0.00 (43.80–43.80)

–

TBFat (kg)

15.15 ± 0.01^¤,° (15.14–15.16)

–

21.73 ± 1.73^¥ (20.11–23.34)

–

34.10 ± 0.00 (34.10–34.10)

–

TBLean (kg)

40.17 ± 5.98 (34.99–45.35)

–

37.61 ± 0.57 (37.08–38.14)

–

41.26 ± 0.00 (41.26–41.26)

–

FM (kg)

11.35 ± 2.86^¤,° (8.10–15.10)

11.80 ± 3.12^c,Ϫ,ϣ (8.10–16.00)

18.00 ± 1.64 (15.90–19.70)

17.27 ± 1.80^a (15.80–19.70)

18.65 ± 0.99 (17.70–19.60)

16.95 ± 0.99^b (16.00–17.90)

FM (%)

20.30 ± 4.06^¤,° (16.10–26.40)

21.05 ± 4.43^c,Ϫ,ϣ (16.50–27.80)

28.37 ± 2.09 (26.90–31.20)

27.57 ± 2.58^a (25.00–30.90)

29.10 ± 1.36 (27.80–30.40)

26.70 ± 1.46^b (25.30–28.10)

FFM (kg)

44.23 ± 3.57 (42.20–50.00)

43.75 ± 4.06 (41.10–50.30)

45.50 ± 3.25 (43.10–49.90)

45.83 ± 3.32^a (43.20–50.30)

45.50 ± 0.63 (44.90–46.10)

46.40 ± 0.84^b (45.60–47.20)

FFM (%)

79.70 ± 4.06^¤,° (73.60–83.90)

78.95 ± 4.43^c,Ϫ,ϣ (72.20–83.50)

71.63 ± 2.09 (68.80–73.10)

72.43 ± 2.58^a (69.10–75.00)

70.90 ± 1.36 (69.60–72.20)

73.30 ± 1.46^b (71.90–74.70)