Fig. 6

Inhibition of autophagy increases shikonin-induced necroptosis. Cells were treated with 3 or 6 µM shikonin in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors, i.e., 1 mM 3-MA (a), 50 nM bafilomycin A (d), and ATG5 siRNA (g). The cell lysates were subjected to 10 and 15% SDS-PAGE to measure the expression of indicated proteins. b, e, h Necroptosis was evaluated by annexin V/propidium iodide. c, f, i Values are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *p < 0.01 compared with the shikonin group