Fig. 4

a Identification of exosome-like vesicles (ELVs). The morphology of the ELVs was inspected by electron microscopy. NP was excised from the tail of rats and incubated in serum-free media prior to isolation of ELVs by ultracentrifugation. b The size distribution of the ELV population was measured by NTA. Error bars are shown in red. c Several exosome-associated proteins were detected in the ELV fraction by western blot. Representative western blot showing alix, tsg101 and CD-9. d Examples of miR-223, miR-760 and miR-145 qPCR amplification plot in the exosome fraction. e Electrically evoked C-fiber responses in the dorsal horn neurons at baseline i.e., before and 180 min after the application of miR-223 onto the dorsal nerve roots; within subjects effects rmANOVA, p = 0.037. Data are given as the mean ± SEM