Fig. 1

mRNA expression studies of M1 and M2 macrophage markers using qPCR in the biopsy samples of study subjects. The RNA was isolated from the biopsy samples and cDNA was prepared. The cDNA was subjected to Q-PCR with gene specific primers for pan macrophage marker (CD68), M1 macrophage markers (TREM-1, CD86, CCR-7, iNOS, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, CCR-2 and CCR-5) and M2 macrophage markers (TREM-2, CD163, CD206, IL-4 and IL-10). The expression fold changes of M1 and M2 markers in obese diabetics and obese non-diabetics were calculated when compared to non-obese subjects expression fold as 1. The fold changes are shown relative to GAPDH as housekeeping gene. Increase and decrease in folds of M1 or M2 expressions were regarded as up regulation and down regulation, respectively. This study is an extended work to our previous published articles on TREM-1, TREM-2, TNF-α and IL-6 gene expressions in non-obese and obese populations [23]. A Gene expression study in omentum biopsy samples (Aa) M1 macrophage markers; (Ab) M2 macrophage markers. B Gene expression study in subcutaneous biopsy samples (Ba) M1 macrophage markers; (Bb) M2 macrophage markers. C Gene expression study in liver biopsy samples (Ca) M1 macrophage markers; (Cb) M2 macrophage markers. The mRNA expression of M1 and M2 markers in biopsy samples were compared between non-obese, obese non-diabetics and obese diabetics using One-way ANOVA for continuous variables. Data were shown as mean ± SD (N = 5 non-obese; 16 obese non-diabetics; 17 obese diabetics); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001