Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Table 10 Effects of dietary components on metabolic parameters

	Total chol	LDL-chol	HDL-chol	Plasma TG	Insulin sensitivity	IGF-1 production	References
Prebiotics	↓	↓		↓	↑		[73, 83, 84]
Probiotics	↓	↓	↑	↓	↑		[104]
Polyphenols			↑	↓			[110, 117, 122]
Unsaturated fat	↓	↓					[41]
Saturated fat					↓		[51–53]
Animal protein						↑	[42]
Artificial sweeteners					↓		[59]

Chol cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1