Table 1 Summary of quantified oxylipins and PUFAs including their metabolism and principal biological activity
Compound | Synonym | PUFA precursor | Enzymatic Pathway | Intrinsic activity | Principal biological action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C20:3 (DGLA) | Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid |  |  | Inactive |  |
C20:4 (AA) | Arachidonic acid | Â | Â | Inactive | Â |
C20:5 (EPA) | Eicosapentaenoic acid | Â | Â | Inactive | Â |
C22:6 (DHA) | Docosahexaenoic acid | Â | Â | Inactive | Â |
9-HODE | Â | LA | LOX (12-LOX) | Active | Increases fibrinolysis |
13-HODE | Â | LA | LOX (15-LOX) | Active | Reduces platelets adhesivity |
5-HETE | Â | AA | LOX (5-LOX) | Active | Promotes neutrophil degranulation, stimulates calcium mobilisation |
8-HETE |  | AA | LOX (15-LOX) | Active | Inhibits leukocyte migration and promotes wound healing by PPARα activation |
11-HETE | Â | AA | COX | Active | Chemo-attractant, promotes neutrophil recruitment |
12-HETE | Â | AA | LOX (12-LOX) | Active | Chemo-attractant, promotes neutrophil recruitment |
15-HETE |  | AA | LOX (15-LOX) | Active | Inhibits both neutrophil migration through the endothelium and LTB4 synthesis, activates PPARβ/δ |
5,6-DHET | Â | AA | CYP450 | Inactive | Stable marker for 5,6-EET which promotes angiogenesis |
8,9-DHET | Â | AA | CYP450 | Inactive | Stable marker for 8,9-EET which promotes angiogenesis |
11,12-DHET | Â | AA | CYP450 | Inactive | Stable marker for 11,12-EET which promotes angiogenesis and new tissue formation |
14,15-DHET | Â | AA | CYP450 | Inactive | Stable marker for 14,15-EET which promotes new tissue formation |
14-HDoHE | Â | DHA | LOX (12-LOX) | Active | Promotes wound closure and healing |
17-HDoHE | Â | DHA | LOX (15-LOX) | Active | Inhibits pro-inflammatory mechanisms |
12-Oxo-LTB4 | 12-Oxo leukotriene B4 | AA | LOX (5-LOX) | Active | Stable marker for LTB4 which is chemo-attractant and promotes neutrophil recruitment |
6-Keto-PGF1α | 6-Keto prostaglandin F1α | AA | COX | Inactive | Stable marker for PGI2 which inhibits platelet aggregation and induces vasodilatation |
PGF2α | Prostaglandin F2α | AA | COX | Active | Promotes vasoconstriction |
TxB2 | Thromboxane B2 | AA | COX | Inactive | Increases platelet aggregation, stimulates activation of new platelets |