Fig. 6

Properties of cardiac explant-derived endothelial and smooth muscle cells cultured on PCL25 membranes (except Fig. 6d) neutralized by alkali mixed with ethanol. a Endothelial cells cultured on PCL25 uptake acLDL (left), form capillary-like structures in Matrigel (middle cells stained with vital dye TMRM; right phase contrast image). Scale bar 100 μm. b Endothelial cells cultured on PCL25 retain specific endothelial markers: CD31 (left), vWF (right). Scale bar 50 μm. c Endothelial cells cultured on PCL25 retain the ability to produce extracellular matrix (collagen IV- and fibronectin-positive staining). Scale bar 50 μm. d Cryosection over cell-seeded PCL75 membrane. Monolayer of endothelial cells has vWF-positive staining. Scale bar 20 μm. e Smooth muscle cells cultured on PCL25 retain specific smooth muscle markers: SMMCH (left), αSMA (middle), elastin (right)