Fig. 4
The effects of Ex-4 and ADSCs on migration, proliferation and invasion of HUVECs. a, d Migration assay. Plated HUVECs were wounded and the injury line was marked. a Cells were cultured with Ex-4 and/or ADSC-CM. d Cells were co-cultured with or without ADCSs in the upper chamber of a transwell plate with or without Ex-4 treatment. Migration patterns were observed under a phase contrast microscope and photographed (×200). b, e Proliferation assay. b HUVECs were plated and incubated with or without ADSC-CM and/or 10 nM Ex-4. e HUVECs were plated on transwell plates and co-cultured with ADSCs (in the upper chamber) and/or 10 nM Ex-4. After 24 h, cell proliferation was determined with a cell counting Kit-8 assay. Results are expressed as a percentage of the control. *p < 0.05 vs CON, # p < 0.05 vs ADSC. c Invasion assay. HUVECs (2 × 104 cells) were seeded into the upper compartment of a transwell and incubated with or without ADSC-CM and/or 10 nM Ex-4 for 24 h. Sample images are shown of transmigrated cells stained with crystal violet (×200)