| Monocyte/macrophage | Neutrophil |
---|---|---|
Innate immunity | Opsonic recognition [229] Production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [230] Release GCSF and GM-CSF [231] Excessive release of toxic species (NO, superoxide and MMP) [232] Antigen processing, and presentation [233] | Production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and proteases [234] Release MIP-1α and MIP-1β [235] Release cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-8 and TNF-α [71] Secretion of antimicrobial molecules [236] Phagocytosis [237] Release lytic enzymes and producer active oxygen intermediates [71] Release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [71] |
Adaptive immunity | Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes [238] Cleavage of C3 [239] Induce neovascularization and contribute to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis [240] Modulate the osteoclastogenesis [241] Efferocytosis [242] May induce Th1 cells differentiation [78] Control the effector T-cell homeostasis, promoting the T-cell priming and also may induce Th17 cell differentiation [81] | Release IL-17 [243] Release NETs [71] Promote the maturation of human monocyte-derived DC [88] Chemotaxis of Th1 and Th17 [59, 60] Differentiation of naïve CD8+ T-cells [244] |