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Table 1 General functions of macrophages and neutrophils in innate and adaptive immunity

From: Immune modulation of some autoimmune diseases: the critical role of macrophages and neutrophils in the innate and adaptive immunity

 

Monocyte/macrophage

Neutrophil

Innate immunity

Opsonic recognition [229]

Production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [230]

Release GCSF and GM-CSF [231]

Excessive release of toxic species (NO, superoxide and MMP) [232]

Antigen processing, and presentation [233]

Production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and proteases [234]

Release MIP-1α and MIP-1β [235]

Release cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-8 and TNF-α [71]

Secretion of antimicrobial molecules [236]

Phagocytosis [237]

Release lytic enzymes and producer active oxygen intermediates [71]

Release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [71]

Adaptive immunity

Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes [238]

Cleavage of C3 [239]

Induce neovascularization and contribute to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis [240]

Modulate the osteoclastogenesis [241]

Efferocytosis [242]

May induce Th1 cells differentiation [78]

Control the effector T-cell homeostasis, promoting the T-cell priming and also may induce Th17 cell differentiation [81]

Release IL-17 [243]

Release NETs [71]

Promote the maturation of human monocyte-derived DC [88]

Chemotaxis of Th1 and Th17 [59, 60]

Differentiation of naïve CD8+ T-cells [244]

  1. IFN-γ: interferon gamma; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-α; IL-1β: interleukin-β; GCSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; MIP-1α: macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; NETs: Neutrophil extracellular traps