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Fig. 3 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Tacrolimus in the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes and diabetes-associated embryopathies in obese and diabetic mice

Fig. 3

Tacrolimus-mediated inhibition of fetal demise is linked to restored uterine and umbilical artery flow during pregnancy. a–d Representative UBM image of the right uterine artery proximal to the conceptus being assessed at gd10.5 (a) and that of an Ut. Art. PWD in an HFD-dNONcNZO (b), tacrolimus-treated (c) or metformin-treated (d) (long red arrow peak systolic velocity, short red arrow end diastolic velocity). A significant reduction in the uterine artery blood flow was detected in the HFD-dNONcNZO dams between gd10.5-gd18.5 (e). f Group scatter-graphs of the peak umbilical arterial flow depicting impact of HFD and effect of treatment with metformin or tacrolimus in rescuing umbilical arterial flow in treated dams. g A representative UBM image taken from gd14.5 fetus and representative PWD for the most common differences in the umbilical artery peak flow velocity and waveform from HFD-dNONcNZO (h), metformin (i) or tacrolimus-treated dams (j). k A significant association between  % fetal demise and increased Ut. Art. resistivity during mid-late gestation was demonstrable in the HFD-dNONcNZO dams (k) (*p < 0.01). Note the significant increase in the umbilical arterial blood flow in the tacrolimus-treated dams over those receiving metformin (200 mg/dL) (**p < 0.01) (e). n = 7 dams/group and two experimental repeats with 34–39 pups examined in utero, p < 0.001 at 95% confidence

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