Table 1 The relationships between exosomes and cancer
From: Exosomes in tumor microenvironment: novel transporters and biomarkers
Study ID (author, year) | Study design | Main results |
|---|---|---|
Gu et al., 2016 [14] | The effects of MSC-exosomes on gastric cancer are evaluated, and the possible mechanisms are explored | Exosomes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells promote gastric cancer cell growth and migration by activating the Akt pathway |
DeRita et al., 2016 [20] | The effects of exosomes derived from prostate cancer cell on tumors and the contents of these exosomes are evaluated | Src, IGF-IR, and FAK are enriched in exosomes from the AR-positive cell line C4-2B, which are implicated in many aspects of tumor biology including angiogenesis |
Wang et al., 2016 [21] | The functions of MM exosomes in angiogenesis and immunosuppression are explored in vitro and in vivo | Murine MM exosomes which carried multiple angiogenesis-related proteins, enhanced angiogenesis and directly promoted endothelial cell growth by modulating several pathways such as STAT3 |
Khalyfa et al., 2016 [12] | The effects of exosomes from OSA patients on human adenocarcinoma cells are evaluated | OSA induces alterations in exosomal miRNA cargo that alter the biological properties of TC1 lung tumor cells to enhance their proliferative, migratory and extravasation properties |
Fabbri et al., 2012 [33] | The expression level of miR-21 and miR-29a in exosomes derived from lung cancer cell lines and their effects on tumor immune are evaluated | MiR-21 and miR-29a are highly expressed in exosomes derived from lung cancer cell lines, function by binding as ligands to receptors of TLR family (murine TLR7 and human TLR8) in immune cells, and trigger a TLR-mediated prometastatic inflammatory response that ultimately may lead to tumor growth and metastasis |
Au Yeung et al., 2016 [42] | The level of miRNA21 in exosomes isolated from cancer-associated adipocytes and fibroblasts and its effects on ovarian cancer cells are evaluated | The level of miRNA21 in exosomes isolated from cancer-associated adipocytes and fibroblasts is significantly higher than in those from ovarian cancer cells. Functional studies reveal that miR21 is transferred from cancer-associated adipocytes or fibroblasts to the cancer cells, where it suppresses ovarian cancer apoptosis and confers chemoresistance by binding to APAF1 |