Effect of helium pre- or postconditioning on signal transduction kinases in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Table 1 Demographic data

	Controls	He-pre	He-post	He-PP	APC	p value
N	28	23	22	24	24
Age ± years	66.7 ± 7.0	62.8 ± 11.7	66.2 ± 7.8	66.2 ± 8.3	66.9 ± 7.6	0.47
Male (%)	22 (82)	21 (91)	20 (83)	20 (83)	21 (88)	0.88
Body Mass Index	28.4 ± 3.7	27.3 ± 2.7	26.7 ± 3.8	27.4 ± 3.7	27.7 ± 3.2	0.55
Risk factors
Hypertension	16 (59)	9 (39)	13 (57)	10 (42)	13 (54)	0.52
Hypercholesterolemia	6 (22)	11 (48)	10 (44)	5 (21)	14 (58)	0.023 ^a
Smoking	13 (48)	10 (44)	8 (34)	11 (46)	10 (42)	0.89
Family	12 (44)	9 (39)	7 (30)	9 (38)	13 (54)	0.56
Myocardial infarction	7 (26)	10 (44)	8 (36)	10 (42)	8 (33)	0.71
Cerebrovascular accident	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4)	0 (0)	0.40
Heart failure
NYHA I	20 (74)	17 (74)	19 (86)	17 (71)	16 (70)	0.97
NYHA II	2 (7)	2 (9)	1 (5)	2 (8)	3 (13)	0.97
NYHA III	5 (19)	4 (17)	2 (9)	4 (17)	4 (17)	0.97
Ejection fraction
>50 %	21 (81)	16 (73)	12 (57)	16 (67)	19 (90)	0.15
30–50 %	5 (19)	6 (27)	7 (33)	4 (17)	1 (5)	0.15
Medication
Salicylate	24 (86)	19 (83)	22 (92)	23 (96)	23 (92)	0.57
Clopidogrel	9 (32)	9 (39)	12 (50)	9 (38)	4 (16)	0.15
Statin^b	27 (96)	23 (100)	24 (100)	20 (83)	21 (84)	0.04 ^b
Beta-blocker^c	19 (68)	22 (96)	24 (100)	21 (88)	21 (84)	0.008 ^c
ACE inhibitor	10 (36)	8 (35)	10 (42)	4 (17)	11 (44)	0.30
AT2 receptor blocker	6 (21)	1 (4)	5 (21)	5 (21)	3 (12)	0.40
Calcium channel blocker	10 (36)	7 (30)	4 (17)	10 (42)	6 (24)	0.35
Diuretics	6 (21)	4 (17)	4 (17)	7 (29)	4 (16)	0.77
Nitrates	10 (36)	9 (39)	7 (29)	12 (50)	13 (52)	0.43
Euroscore	3 (±2)	2 (±3)	3 (±3)	4 (±3)	1 (±3)	0.36

Age and body mass index are presented as mean ± SD; Euroscore is presented as mean (±IQR); other data are numbers and percentage, n (%)
^aIn the control group significantly less patients with hypercholesterolemia were present
^bUse of statins was significantly lower in our control group compared to other groups
^cUse of beta-blockers was significantly lower in our control group compared to other groups
He-Pre helium preconditioning; He-Post helium postconditioning; He-PP helium pre- and postconditioning; APC anesthetic preconditioning
Age and Body Mass Index are presented as mean ± SD; Euroscore is presented as mean (±IQR); other data are numbers and percentage, n (%). In the control group significantly less patients with hypercholesterolemia were present. b Use of statins was significantly lower in our control group compared to other groups. c Use of beta-blockers was significantly lower in our control group compared to other groups

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