Table 2 Anti-tumor effects of beta-blockers in recent clinical studies
Authors (year), reference | Number of patients taking beta-blockers | Type of cancer | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|
Fryzek et al. (2006) [155] | NA | Breast cancer | The use of beta-blockers was not associated the risk of breast cancer (RR 1.07, 95 % CI 074–1.56) |
Assimes et al. (2008) [156] | 1788 | Any | Beta-blockers significantly reduced the risk of cancer (OR 0.9, 95 % CI 0.85–0.96) |
Powe et al. (2010) [157] | 43 | Breast cancer | Patients taking beta-blockers had a 57 % reduced risk of metastasis (Hazard ratio 0.43, 95 % CI 0.20–0.93) |
Barron et al. (2011) [32] | 70 | Breast cancer | Propranolol reduced cancer-related mortality (HR 0.19, 95 % CI 0.06–0.60) |
Ganz et al. (2011) [36] | 204 | Breast cancer | Beta-blocker usage was not associated with improved overall survival (HR 1.04, 95 % CI 0.72–1.51) |
Lemeshow et al. (2011) [37] | 275 | Melanoma | Beta-blockers reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.67–0.97) |
Diaz et al. (2012) [33] | 23 | Ovarian cancer | Beta-blockers improved overall survival (HR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.31–0.94, p = 0.02) |
Wang et al. (2013) [34] | 155 | Non-small cell lung carcinoma | Beta-blockers improved overall survival (HR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.63–0.97, p = 0.02) |
Grytli et al. (2014) [35] | 1115 | Prostate carcinoma | The use of beta-blockers was not associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.83–1.02) |
Choi et al. (2014) [38] | 6717 | Any | Beta-blocker usage was associated with significantly improved overall survival (HR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.67–0.93, p = 0.004) |