Table 4 Metabolite-enzyme links as identified in the DKD molecular model and description of assigned reactions and transport function
Metabolite-enzyme link | Description | |
|---|---|---|
Metabolite | Enzyme | |
ADMA | NOS2, NOS3 | Produces nitric oxide (NOS) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such COX2 ADMA is an endogeous inhibitor of eNOS (NOS3) function |
Aspargine Glutamine | ASNS | Asparagine Synthase: Adenosine triphosphate + l-Aspartic acid + l-Glutamine + Water → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + l-Asparagine + l-Glutamic acid |
Asparagine | SLC1A1 | Solute carries family member 1, l-Asp cotransporter |
Glutamine | TGM2 | Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins |
Citrulline | NOS1, NOS2, NOS3 | l-Arginine + NADPH + Oxygen → Citrulline + Nitric oxide + NADP + Water NADPH + N-(o)-Hydroxyarginine + Oxygen + Hydrogen Ion → NADP + Nitric oxide + Citrulline + Water l-Arginine + Oxygen + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → Nitric oxide + Citrulline + NADP + Water |
lysoPC a C16:0 lysoPC a C16:1 PC aa C36:0 PC aa C42:2 | PLA2G1B | PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides |
PC aa C36:0 | ATP8A1 ATP10A PLSCR1 | Transport of aminophospholipids |
Tryptophan | IDO1 | Catalyzes the cleavage of the pyrrol ring of tryptophan and incorporates both atoms of a molecule of oxygen |