Disease, mechanism | References | Biological matrix | Endpoint | Effect of CS exposure | Effect of cessation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CVD | [116] | Aorta | Lipidomics | ↑↗ | ND |
CVD | [117] | Aorta | Lipidomics | ↑ | ↓→ |
CVD | [19] | Aorta | Lipidomics | ↑ | ↓→ |
CVD | [42] | Carotid artery | Thrombosis | ↑ | ND |
CVD | [42] | Carotid artery | Endothelial injury | ↑ | ND |
CVD | [116] | Liver | Lipidomics | ↑→ | ND |
CVD | [118] | Liver | Lipidomics | ↑↗ | ↓↑ |
CVD | [114] | Liver | Lipidomics | ↑↗ | ↓↘ |
CVD | [118] | Liver | Transcriptomics | →↗ | → |
CVD | [114] | Liver | Transcriptomics | ↑↗ | ↓↘ |
CVD | [114] | Liver | Proteomics | ↑↗ | ↓↘ |
CVD | [116] | Plasma | Lipidomics | ↑↗ | ND |
CVD | [117] | Plasma | Lipidomics | ↑→ | ↓→ |
CVD | [19] | Plasma | Lipidomics | ↑↗ | ↓↘ |
COPD | [113] | Lung | Lipidomics | ↑↗ | ↓↘ |
COPD | [113] | Lung | Transcriptomics | ↑↗ | ↓↘ |
COPD | [113] | Lung | Proteomics | ↑↗ | ↓↘ |
Atherosclerosis | [116] | Aorta | Plaque size | ↑ | ND |
Atherosclerosis | [117] | Aorta | Plaque size | ↑↘ | ↘ |
Atherosclerosis | [19] | Aorta | Plaque size | ↑ | → |
Atherosclerosis | [118] | Aorta | Plaque size | ↑ | ND |
Atherosclerosis | [29] | Aorta | Plaque size | ↑ | ND |
Atherosclerosis | [27] | BA | Plaque size | ↑→ | ND |
Atherosclerosis | [27] | Aortic arch | Plaque size | ↑→ | ND |
Exposure markers | [18] | Blood | COHb | ↑ | ↓ |
Exposure markers | [18] | Urine | Nicotine metabolites | ↑ | ↓ |
Exposure marker | [117] | Blood | COHb | ↑ | ↓ |
Exposure marker | [118] | Blood | COHb | ↑ | ↓ |
Exposure marker | [117] | Urine | Nicotine metabolites | ↑ | ↓ |
Exposure markers | [19] | Blood | COHb | ↑ | ↓ |
Exposure markers | [19] | Urine | Nicotine metabolites | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation | [18] | Lung | BALF | ↑ | ↓↘ |
Inflammation | [18] | NRE | Histopathology | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation | [18] | Lung | Transcriptomics | ↑↓ | ↓↑ |
Inflammation | [116] | Liver | Transcriptomics | ↑↗ | ND |
Inflammation | [124] | Lung | BALF | ↑→ | ↓ |
Inflammation | [29] | Aorta | Transcriptomics | ↑ | ND |
Inflammation | [127] | Lung | Transcriptomics | ↑↓ | ND |
Inflammation | [127] | Lung | BALF | ↑ | ND |
Inflammation | [127] | Respiratory | Histopathology | ↑ | ND |
Inflammation | [127] | Respiratory | Network model | ↑ | ND |
Inflammation | [113] | Lung | Lipidomics | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation | [19] | Urine | Inflammatory biomarker | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation | [19] | Lung | BALF | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation | [19] | NRE | Histopathology | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation | [19] | Lung | Histopathology | ↑ | ↓ |
COPD—emphysema | [18] | Lung | Lung morphometry | ↑ | ↘ |
COPD—emphysema | [19] | Lung | Lung function | ↑ | ↘ |
COPD—emphysema | [19] | Lung | Lung morphometry | ↑ | ↘ |
Inflammation/cell cycle/necroptosis | [19] | Lung | Network model | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation/cell cycle/necroptosis | [19] | Lung | Transcriptomics | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation/cell cycle/necroptosis | [19] | Lung | Proteomics | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation/cell cycle/necroptosis | [124] | Lung | Network model | ↑ | ↓ |
Inflammation/cell cycle/necroptosis | [124] | Lung | Transcriptomics | ↑ | ↓ |
Oxidative stress | [18] | Lung | BALF | ↑ | ↓↘ |
Oxidative stress | [18] | NRE | Transcriptomics | ↑↓ | ↓↑ |
Oxidative stress | [114] | Liver | Transcriptomics | ↑ | ↓ |
Oxidative stress | [114] | Liver | Proteomics | ↑ | ↓ |