Fig. 2

Altered cytokine response by CD8⁺ T cells upon TLR3 stimulation and in response to PMA/ionomycin in CVID. PBMCs from healthy controls (HC, n = 16) and CVID patients (n = 16) were cultivated with medium (baseline) or (a) TLR-3 agonist (Poly-RIG) for 20 h or (b) PMA/ionomycin for 6 h. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells secreting IFN-γ, IL-17a, IL-22, TNF and IL-10 were assessed by flow cytometry. Frequencies of stimulated CD4⁺ CD8⁺ T cells were subtracted from baseline values. Data represent the median and the interquartile range. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.005, ***p ≤ 0.0001