Fig. 4

Induction of cell mediated immune responses in various immune compartments after immunization with Pd and Pd + FlaB through various routes. a–c Representative FACS micrograph showing percent of CD8⁺IFNg⁺ and CD4⁺IFNg⁺ cell numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), payer’s patches (PP) and spleen after i.n. or s.l. immunization, as depicted in the picture. d, e The statistical analysis of cell percentages of IFNγ secreting CD8⁺ (d) and CD4⁺ (e) induced in spleen, MLN and PPs after Pd + FlaB immunization through i.n. and s.l. routes. Statistical differences were calculated by student’s t test for unpaired means. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ^nsnot significant. The error bars represent the standard error of mean (SEM)