Longitudinal brain structural alterations and systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea before and after surgical treatment

Table 2 Cognitive test results of OSA patients and control subjects

Neuropsychological tests	NC (n = 15)	OSA_baseline (n = 21)	OSA_follow (n = 21)	p value
Neuropsychological tests	NC (n = 15)	OSA_baseline (n = 21)	OSA_follow (n = 21)	NC vs. OSA_baseline	NC vs. OSA_follow	OSA_baseline vs. OSA_follow
Attention
Mental control (CASI)	9.53 (0.99)	9.40 (1.70)	9.50 (1.10)	0.664	0.908	0.776
Attention (CASI)	7.73 (0.59)	7.65 (0.81)	7.60 (0.68)	0.999	0.631	0.716
Orientation (CASI)	17.93 (0.26)	17.50 (1.82)	17.85 (0.49)	0.366	0.908	0.427
Processing speed (WAIS-III)	105.67 (18.36)	100.55 (9.24)	108.55 (11.81)	0.280	0.757	<0.001*
Executive function
Digit symbol (WAIS-III)	10.73 (3.04)	10.15 (1.81)	11.50 (2.50)	0.458	0.563	0.001*
Abstraction (CASI)	9.73 (2.05)	10.25 (1.41)	10.70 (1.17)	0.645	0.145	0.119
Memory function
Long-term memory (CASI)	10.00 (0.00)	10.00 (0.00)	10.00 (0.00)	1.000	1.000	1.000
Short-term memory (CASI)	11.01 (1.01)	10.06 (1.56)	10.67 (1.50)	0.048*	0.398	0.175
Speech and language function
Language (CASI)	9.78 (0.46)	9.95 (0.22)	9.95 (0.22)	0.218	0.320	1.000
Verbal fluency (CASI)	9.27 (1.03)	8.95 (1.57)	9.30 (1.08)	0.265	0.550	0.330
Visuo-spatial function
Picture completion (WAIS-III)	11.20 (2.04)	11.10 (2.15)	11.55 (2.70)	0.495	0.911	0.206
Letter number search (WAIS-III)	9.53 (3.27)	9.45 (2.09)	9.60 (3.27)	0.791	0.959	0.780
Block design (WAIS-III)	11.47 (3.36)	11.10 (2.43)	11.95 (2.91)	0.455	0.846	0.015*
Drawing (CASI)	9.87 (0.52)	9.95 (0.22)	9.90 (0.31)	0.693	0.901	0.577
CASI total score	94.85 (3.70)	94.01 (4.78)	95.47 (3.39)	0.357	0.809	0.163
BDI	8.47 (7.58)	8.50 (8.16)	4.70 (6.11)	0.675	0.048*	0.011*

Data are presented as mean (SD)
All data were compared by ANCOVA after controlling for age, sex, and BMI
AHI apnea-hypopnea index; ANCOVA Analysis of Covariance; BDI Beck Depression Inventory; BMI body mass index, CASI Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument; NC normal controls; OSA obstructive sleep apnea; WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
NC vs. OSA_baseline: Statistical comparison was performed by ANCOVA between controls and OSA_baseline
NC vs. OSA_follow: Statistical comparison was performed by ANCOVA between controls and OSA_follow
OSA_baseline vs. OSA_follow: Statistical comparison was performed by paired t test between OSA_baseline and OSA_follow
* Statistical threshold was set at p < 0.05

ISSN: 1479-5876