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Fig. 3 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Lenalidomide normalizes tumor vessels in colorectal cancer improving chemotherapy activity

Fig. 3

Lenalidomide enhances vessel perfusion capability and decreases tumor hypoxia. a Lenalidomide significantly enhanced the perfusion capability of residual tumor vessels reported as MFI of lectin/MECA32 ratio, indicative of vessels with regular perfusion, normalized on total vessel area (p = 0.004 obtained with one-way analysis). The experiments included 3 mice with mCRC tumorgraft per group and the values are presented as mean ± SEM of MOF. Post analysis comparisons (*) of each group to control vehicle was performed with Bonferroni post-test analysis (p < 0.01 for lenalidomide). b Representative immunofluorescence picture showing blood perfusion (lectin in green) within residual tumor vessels (Meca32 violet as endothelial marker) in mice treated with lenalidomide and vehicle control. c Lenalidomide significantly reduced extension of tumor hypoxic areas (p = 0.002) obtained with one-way ANOVA analysis (Kruskal–Wallis). The experiments included 3 mice per group. The graph reports values (plus mean ± SEM) of each hypoxic area calculated in vital areas of MOF. Post test analysis comparisons of lenalidomide with control vehicle (p < 0.05 *) and 5FU (p < 0.001**) was performed with Bonferroni post-test analysis. d Representative immunofluorescence picture showing hypoxic areas (hypoxyprobe) in sections of tumors from mice treated with lenalidomide and control vehicle. The nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). MOF, Microscopic observation fields; (*), P ≤ 0.05; (**), P ≤ 0.01

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