Deciphering the gene expression profile of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway in the left atria of patients with mitral regurgitation

Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics of the study patients

	MR (n = 15)	AVD (n = 7)	P value
Age (years)	57 ± 9	60 ± 11	0.458
Male (%)	6 (40.0 %)	6 (85.7 %)	0.059
Smoking (%)	2 (13.3 %)	1 (14.3 %)	0.705
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.5 ± 2.3	24.2 ± 3.3	0.259
Hypertension (%)	7 (46.7 %)	4 (57.1 %)	0.500
Diabetes mellitus (%)	2 (13.3 %)	1 (14.3 %)	0.705
Hyperlipidemia (%)	6 (40.0 %)	2 (28.6 %)	0.490
NYHA			0.506
Functional class I (%)	2 (13.3 %)	1 (14.3 %)
Functional class II (%)	7 (46.7 %)	3 (42.9 %)
Functional class III (%)	6 (40.0 %)	2 (28.6 %)
Functional class IV (%)	0 (0.0 %)	1 (14.3 %)
Aortic valve disease (%)	0 (0.0 %)	7 (100.0 %)	<0.001
Tricuspid regurgitation (%)	7 (46.7 %)	1 (14.3 %)	0.161
β-blockers (%)	5 (33.3 %)	0 (0.0 %)	0.114
Calcium channel blockers (%)	6 (40.0 %)	3 (42.9 %)	0.628
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (%)	12 (80.0 %)	3 (42.9 %)	0.107
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.9 ± 0.7	1.0 ± 0.3	0.139
White blood cell count (10³/uL)	6.3 ± 1.5	5.6 ± 1.8	0.289
Left atrial diameter (mm)	45.5 ± 6.0	38.9 ± 5.8	0.028
Left atrial maximal volume (mL)	87.3 ± 42.6	42.5 ± 25.6	0.032
Left atrial ejection fraction (%)	49.7 ± 11.9	45.6 ± 18.7	0.654
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm)	58.2 ± 7.3	59.9 ± 12.7	0.397
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	67.3 ± 11.5	61.6 ± 12.9	0.340

Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (percentage)
AVD aortic valve disease, MR mitral regurgitation, NC purchased normal controls, NYHA New York Heart Association, P value MR vs. AVD

ISSN: 1479-5876