Fig. 2From: Planning clinically relevant biomarker validation studies using the “number needed to treat” concept NNT and clinical decisions. On the left is a single patient for whom it is “Best to act”, indicated by the “thumb’s up” sign. The horizontal scale refers to the number of patients needed to treat (NNT) in order to help one. The range [NNT Lower , NNT Upper ] should describe a range of discomfort with either decision, Act or Wait Back to article page