Betel quid dependence is associated with functional connectivity changes of the anterior cingulate cortex: a resting-state fMRI study

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of participants

	Age	Sex (male/female)	Education (years)	Monthly income (US $)	Duration of placement of BQ in the mouth (min)	Dosage of BQ (g/day)	Duration of BQ (years)	BQDS	Alcohol last 30 days (g)	SAS	SDS
BQD	46.7 ± 9.4	24/9	12.3 ± 2.7	423.5 ± 73.7	7.6 ± 2.4	342 ± 106	20.6 ± 6.9	10 ± 3.4	200.2 ± 34.8	27.2 ± 5.6	28.6 ± 6.6
HC	45.8 ± 9.3	20/12	12.6 ± 2.4	413.1 ± 73.0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	189.0 ± 33.4	28.3 ± 6.1	32.8 ± 7.5
Statistics	0.446	0.777	0.512	0.799					1.025	0.759	2.385
P value	0.657	0.378	0.610	0.427					0.309	0.451	0.020

Unless otherwise indicated, data are means ± SD. The P value for gender distribution in the two groups was obtained by Chi square test. The P value for age, monthly income, education, alcohol last 30 days, SAS, SDS difference between the two groups was obtained by independent-samples t test
N/A not applicable, BQ betel quid, BQD betel quid dependence, HC healthy control, BQDS betel quid dependence scale, SAS self-rating anxiety scale, SDS self-rating depression scale

ISSN: 1479-5876