Participants’ characteristicsa | Males N = 2212 | Females N = 2767 | P valueb |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years)—mean (SD) | 46.5 (16.4) | 45.9 (16.3) | 0.22 |
Self-reported origin—n (%) | |||
South Tyrol | 2087 (94.4) | 2591 (93.6) | 0.40 |
European | 122 (5.5) | 174 (6.3) | |
Non-European | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | |
Education, n = 4976—n (%) | |||
No formal education or degree | 5 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | <0.01 |
Primary school | 223 (10.1) | 379 (13.7) | |
Lower secondary school | 311 (14.1) | 401 (14.5) | |
Vocational school | 1070 (48.4) | 985 (35.6) | |
Upper secondary school | 427 (19.3) | 703 (25.4) | |
University | 176 (7.9) | 289 (10.5) | |
Alcohol consumption frequencyc, n = 4974—n (%) | |||
Never to seldom | 489 (22.1) | 1389 (50.3) | <0.01 |
≤1 day/week | 684 (30.9) | 897 (32.5) | |
≥2 days/week | 630 (28.5) | 313 (11.3) | |
Daily | 408 (18.5) | 164 (5.9) | |
Smoking habits, n = 4977—n (%) | |||
Never smoker | 1024 (46.3) | 1550 (56.1) | <0.01 |
Past smoker | 752 (34.0) | 753 (27.2) | |
Current smoker | 436 (19.7) | 462 (16.7) | |
Physical activity, n = 4683—n (%) | |||
Low | 502 (24.2) | 626 (24.0) | <0.01 |
Moderate | 507 (24.5) | 853 (32.7) | |
High | 1063 (51.3) | 1132 (43.4) | |
Blood pressure (BP), n = 4971—mean (SD) | |||
Systolic BP (mm/Hg) | 124.5 (14.5) | 115.3 (17.1) | <0.01 |
Diastolic BP (mm/Hg) | 79.3 (9.0) | 76.6 (9.5) | <0.01 |
Elevated blood pressured, n = 4953—n (%) | |||
No | 1647 (74.9) | 2163 (78.5) | <0.01 |
Yes | 551 (25.1) | 592 (21.5) | |
Body-Mass-Index kg/m2, n = 4916—n (%) | |||
<25 | 856 (39.3) | 1607 (58.7) | <0.01 |
25–30 | 972 (44.6) | 701 (25.6) | |
≥30 | 350 (16.1) | 430 (15.7) | |
Diabetes statuse, n = 4967—n (%) | |||
No | 1215 (55.0) | 1491 (54.0) | 0.55 |
Prediabetes | 891 (40.4) | 1151 (41.7) | |
Diabetes | 102 (4.6) | 117 (4.2) | |
Serum total cholesterol (mg/dl)—mean (SD) | 207.8 (41.7) | 213.0 (40.3) | <0.01 |