Table 1 Clinical characteristic of the development, internal validation data sets and external validation data set
Development and internal validation | External validation | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 414 | 105 | |
Male/female (%) | 54.3/45.7 | 58.1/41.9 | 0.49 |
Age (y) mean ± SD | 59.8 ± 13.1 | 60.2 ± 10.6 | 0.76 |
<40 n (%) | 29 (7.0) | 3 (2.9) | 0.26 |
40–65 n (%) | 231 (55.8) | 67 (63.8) | |
>65 n (%) | 154 (37.2) | 35 (33.3) | |
Diabetes duration (y) median (IQR) | 7.0 (8.0) | 9.0 (9.0) | 0.01 |
Weight (kg) mean ± SD | 66.5 ± 12.3 | 68.2 ± 12.1 | 0.22 |
Height (cm) mean ± SD | 162.8 ± 8.6 | 162.6 ± 7.9 | 0.81 |
BSA (m2) mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.40 |
BMI (kg/m2) mean ± SD | 25.0 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 3.4 | 0.07 |
<20 n (%) | 23 (5.6) | 1 (1.0) | 0.01 |
20–25 n (%) | 189 (45.7) | 52 (49.5) | |
25–30 n (%) | 171 (41.5) | 36 (34.3) | |
>30 n (%) | 30 (7.2) | 16 (15.2) | |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.34 |
HbA1C (%) median (IQR) | 8.5 (3.4) | 8.3 (3.9) | 0.83 |
<6 % n (%) | 40 (9.7) | 9 (8.6) | 0.76 |
6–8 % n (%) | 146 (35.3) | 41 (39) | |
>8 % n (%) | 228 (55.1) | 55 (52.4) | |
UACR (mg/g) median (IQR) | 42.6 (219.0) | 62.9 (166.2) | 0.01 |
<30 mg/g n (%) | 162 (39.1) | 19 (18.1) | <0.001 |
30–300 mg/g n (%) | 144 (34.8) | 60 (57.1) | |
>300 mg/g n (%) | 108 (26.1) | 26 (24.8) | |
sGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 80.9 ± 29.0 | 83.7 ± 25.9 | 0.40 |
<15 n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.43 |
15–29 n (%) | 16 (3.9) | 1 (1.0) | |
30–59 n (%) | 85 (20.5) | 19 (18.1) | |
60–90 n (%) | 154 (37.2) | 43 (41.0) | |
>90 n (%) | 159 (38.4) | 42 (40.0) |