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Table 1 Anthropometric and clinical characteristics of mothers and newborns grouped by standardized birth weight

From: Assessment of ten trace elements in umbilical cord blood and maternal blood: association with birth weight

 

Total (n = 54)

SGA (n = 11)

AGA (n = 30)

LGA (n = 13)

p value

Maternal characteristics

 Age (years)a

30.3 (26.3–34.1)

34.97 (28.01–35.93)

28.9 (26.46–31.33)

30.72 (28.52–32.91)

NS

 Vaginal delivery (%)a

35 (64.8)

6 (54.5)

22 (73.3)

7 (53.8)

NS

 Nulliparity (%)a

23 (42.6)

6 (54.5)

13 (43.3)

4 (30.8)

NS

 Anemia (%)a

10 (18.5)

1 (11.1)

5 (18.5)

4 (30.8)

NS

 Smoking (%)a

12 (22.2)

5 (55.6)

6 (7.6)

1 (2.3)

<0.05

Infant characteristics

Gestational age (weeks)b

39.5 (38.5–40.5)

39.5 (38.5–39.5)

39.5 (37.5–40.5)

40.5 (30.5–40.5)

NS

 Sex (% male)a

29 (53.7)

3 (27.3)

20 (66.7)

6 (46.2)

<0.05

 Birth WEIGHT (g)b

3670 (2720–3950)

2450 (2305–2680)

3620 (2747.5–3785)

4275 (3955–4400)

<0.01

 Length (cm)b

50 (47–51.5)

46.25 (45–46.5)

50 (48–51.25)

51.75 (50.88–52.25)

<0.01

 Head circumference (cm)b

34 (33–36)

32.50 (31–33.5)

34.5 (33–35.88)

36.25 (33.75–37)

<0.01

  1. p value <0.05 statistical significance of the differences among groups
  2. NS non-significant
  3. aFisher’s exact tests; absolute frequency and percentage
  4. bKruskal–Wallis tests; median and interquartile range (IQR)