Fig. 3

IL-33 is produced by BSMCs upon infection with RV. BSMCs from healthy (a–c) and asthmatic subjects (d, e) were infected with RV at different doses (MOI multiplicity of infection). Expression of IL-33 mRNA and protein were analysed by RT-qPCR 24 and 48 h post infection and by western blot 24 h post infection. UVi-RV = UV inactivated RV corresponding to the highest dose of RV used. The effects of chloroquine (10 μg/ml) and dexamethasone (1 μg/ml) on RV-induced (0.5 MOI) IL-33 expression were evaluated in healthy and asthmatic BSMCs 24 h post infection (f). Data are presented as mean with SEM and n = 3–6 independent experiments from three BSMC donors. *p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01 compared to control if not otherwise indicated. Representative western blot images of IL-33 protein are shown